महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-176, verse-23

तत्र नानाप्रकारेषु विमानेषु स्वलंकृताः ।
स्पर्धमानास्तदान्योन्यं निषेदुः सर्वपार्थिवाः ॥२३॥

23. tatra nānāprakāreṣu vimāneṣu svalaṁkṛtāḥ ,
spardhamānāstadānyonyaṁ niṣeduḥ sarvapārthivāḥ.

23. tatra nānāprakāreṣu vimāneṣu svalaṃkṛtāḥ
spardhamānāḥ tadā anyonyam niṣeduḥ sarvapārthivāḥ

23. There, in these well-decorated aerial palaces of various kinds, all the kings, vying with each other, then sat down.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that location (where the aerial palaces were) (there, in that place)

• नानाप्रकारेषु (nānāprakāreṣu) - in various kinds (of aerial palaces) (in various kinds, of diverse sorts)

• विमानेषु (vimāneṣu) - in the aerial palaces (in the aerial chariots, in the palaces)

• स्वलंकृताः (svalaṁkṛtāḥ) - (the kings who were) well-adorned (well-adorned, beautifully decorated)

• स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - (the kings) competing with each other (competing, vying, emulating)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - competing with each other (each other, mutually)

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - (the kings) sat down (they sat down)

• सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all the kings (all the kings, all the rulers)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that location (where the aerial palaces were) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'tad'.

नानाप्रकारेषु (nānāprakāreṣu) - in various kinds (of aerial palaces) (in various kinds, of diverse sorts)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nānāprakāra

nānāprakāra - of various kinds, diverse

Compounded word: nānā (various) + prakāra (kind).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (nānā+prakāra)

• nānā – various, diverse, different
  indeclinable
• prakāra – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√kṛ (to make).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'vimāneṣu'.

विमानेषु (vimāneṣu) - in the aerial palaces (in the aerial chariots, in the palaces)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vimāna

vimāna - aerial chariot, celestial palace, spaceship

From vi-√mā (to measure out, build).

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the flying palatial structures.

स्वलंकृताः (svalaṁkṛtāḥ) - (the kings who were) well-adorned (well-adorned, beautifully decorated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svalaṃkṛta

svalaṁkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn) with kta suffix.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+alaṃkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  prefix/indeclinable
• alaṃkṛta – adorned, decorated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn).
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'sarvapārthivāḥ'.

स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - (the kings) competing with each other (competing, vying, emulating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, emulating, vying

Present Middle Participle

From √spardh (to compete) with śānac suffix.

Root: spardh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - competing with each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - one another, each other, mutual

From anya (other) repeated.

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - (the kings) sat down (they sat down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect third plural

From ni-√sad (to sit down).

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: This is the main verb of the sentence.

सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all the kings (all the kings, all the rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvapārthiva

sarvapārthiva - all kings, all rulers of earth

Compound of sarva (all) and pārthiva (king).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+pārthiva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• pārthiva – king, ruler (literally 'lord of the earth')
  noun (masculine)
  From pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix.