महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-176, verse-23

तत्र नानाप्रकारेषु विमानेषु स्वलंकृताः ।
स्पर्धमानास्तदान्योन्यं निषेदुः सर्वपार्थिवाः ॥२३॥

23. tatra nānāprakāreṣu vimāneṣu svalaṁkṛtāḥ ,
spardhamānāstadānyonyaṁ niṣeduḥ sarvapārthivāḥ.

23. tatra nānāprakāreṣu vimāneṣu svalaṃkṛtāḥ
spardhamānāḥ tadā anyonyam niṣeduḥ sarvapārthivāḥ

23. There, in these well-decorated aerial palaces of various kinds, all the kings, vying with each other, then sat down.

23. שם ישבו כל המלכים, מקושטים יפה, בטרקלינים מסוגים שונים, ומתחרים זה בזה.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - in that location (where the aerial palaces were) (there, in that place)

• नानाप्रकारेषु (nānāprakāreṣu) - in various kinds (of aerial palaces) (in various kinds, of diverse sorts)

• विमानेषु (vimāneṣu) - in the aerial palaces (in the aerial chariots, in the palaces)

• स्वलंकृताः (svalaṁkṛtāḥ) - (the kings who were) well-adorned (well-adorned, beautifully decorated)

• स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - (the kings) competing with each other (competing, vying, emulating)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - competing with each other (each other, mutually)

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - (the kings) sat down (they sat down)

• सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all the kings (all the kings, all the rulers)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - in that location (where the aerial palaces were) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative of 'tad'.

नानाप्रकारेषु (nānāprakāreṣu) - in various kinds (of aerial palaces) (in various kinds, of diverse sorts)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of nānāprakāra

nānāprakāra - of various kinds, diverse

Compounded word: nānā (various) + prakāra (kind).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (nānā+prakāra)

• nānā – various, diverse, different
  indeclinable
• prakāra – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√kṛ (to make).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'vimāneṣu'.

विमानेषु (vimāneṣu) - in the aerial palaces (in the aerial chariots, in the palaces)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vimāna

vimāna - aerial chariot, celestial palace, spaceship

From vi-√mā (to measure out, build).

Prefix: vi

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Refers to the flying palatial structures.

स्वलंकृताः (svalaṁkṛtāḥ) - (the kings who were) well-adorned (well-adorned, beautifully decorated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svalaṃkṛta

svalaṁkṛta - well-adorned, beautifully decorated

Past Passive Participle

From su (well) + alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn) with kta suffix.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+alaṃkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  prefix/indeclinable
• alaṃkṛta – adorned, decorated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From alaṃ-√kṛ (to adorn).
  Prefix: alam
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agreement with 'sarvapārthivāḥ'.

स्पर्धमानाः (spardhamānāḥ) - (the kings) competing with each other (competing, vying, emulating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of spardhamāna

spardhamāna - competing, emulating, vying

Present Middle Participle

From √spardh (to compete) with śānac suffix.

Root: spardh (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix.

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - competing with each other (each other, mutually)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - one another, each other, mutual

From anya (other) repeated.

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - (the kings) sat down (they sat down)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of sad

Perfect third plural

From ni-√sad (to sit down).

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: This is the main verb of the sentence.

सर्वपार्थिवाः (sarvapārthivāḥ) - all the kings (all the kings, all the rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarvapārthiva

sarvapārthiva - all kings, all rulers of earth

Compound of sarva (all) and pārthiva (king).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+pārthiva)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• pārthiva – king, ruler (literally 'lord of the earth')
  noun (masculine)
  From pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ suffix.

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