महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-125, verse-30

पञ्चभिर्भ्रातृभिः पार्थैर्द्रोणः परिवृतो बभौ ।
पञ्चतारेण संयुक्तः सावित्रेणेव चन्द्रमाः ॥३०॥

30. pañcabhirbhrātṛbhiḥ pārthairdroṇaḥ parivṛto babhau ,
pañcatāreṇa saṁyuktaḥ sāvitreṇeva candramāḥ.

30. pañcabhiḥ bhrātṛbhiḥ pārthaiḥ droṇaḥ parivṛtaḥ
babhau pañcatāreṇa saṃyuktaḥ sāvitreṇa iva candramāḥ

30. Droṇa shone, surrounded by the five Pārtha brothers, like the moon (candramās) united with the five-starred (pañcatāreṇa) constellation associated with Savitṛ.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

• भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by the brothers

• पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī), by the Pārthas

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

• बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

• पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - by the five-starred (constellation)

• संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined, united, connected

• सावित्रेण (sāvitreṇa) - by the one belonging to Savitṛ, by the solar (constellation/asterism)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• चन्द्रमाः (candramāḥ) - the moon

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five

(numeral)

भ्रातृभिः (bhrātṛbhiḥ) - by the brothers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पार्थैः (pārthaiḥ) - by the sons of Pṛthā (Kuntī), by the Pārthas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name of Arjuna

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a warrior and teacher), a bucket, a measure of capacity

परिवृतः (parivṛtaḥ) - surrounded, encompassed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivṛta

parivṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered

Past Passive Participle

from pari-vṛ + kta

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

बभौ (babhau) - shone, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of bhā

Root: bhā (class 2)

पञ्चतारेण (pañcatāreṇa) - by the five-starred (constellation)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pañcatāra

pañcatāra - five-starred

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pañcan+tāra)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• tāra – star
  noun (masculine)

संयुक्तः (saṁyuktaḥ) - joined, united, connected

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined, united, connected, endowed with

Past Passive Participle

from sam-yuj + kta

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

सावित्रेण (sāvitreṇa) - by the one belonging to Savitṛ, by the solar (constellation/asterism)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāvitra

sāvitra - relating to Savitṛ, solar, a particular constellation or asterism

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रमाः (candramāḥ) - the moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candramas

candramas - moon, the deity Soma