महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-125, verse-21

क्षणात्प्रांशुः क्षणाद्ध्रस्वः क्षणाच्च रथधूर्गतः ।
क्षणेन रथमध्यस्थः क्षणेनावापतन्महीम् ॥२१॥

21. kṣaṇātprāṁśuḥ kṣaṇāddhrasvaḥ kṣaṇācca rathadhūrgataḥ ,
kṣaṇena rathamadhyasthaḥ kṣaṇenāvāpatanmahīm.

21. kṣaṇāt prāṃśuḥ kṣaṇāt hrasvaḥ kṣaṇāt ca rathadhūr
gataḥ kṣaṇena rathamadhyasthaḥ kṣaṇena avāpatat mahīm

21. In an instant, he became tall; in an instant, he became short; and in an instant, he was standing on the chariot's yoke. In a moment, he was in the middle of the chariot, and in a moment, he fell to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

• प्रांशुः (prāṁśuḥ) - tall, lofty, high, erect

• क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

• ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little, brief

• क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• रथधूर् (rathadhūr) - chariot-pole, chariot-yoke

• गतः (gataḥ) - being on, standing on (gone, arrived, reached, standing, being in)

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly

• रथमध्यस्थः (rathamadhyasthaḥ) - standing in the middle of the chariot

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly

• अवापतत् (avāpatat) - he fell down, he descended

• महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

Words meanings and morphology

क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative singular of kṣaṇa used adverbially to mean 'instantly'.

प्रांशुः (prāṁśuḥ) - tall, lofty, high, erect

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṃśu

prāṁśu - tall, high, lofty, erect

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative singular of kṣaṇa used adverbially to mean 'instantly'.

ह्रस्वः (hrasvaḥ) - short, small, little, brief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrasva

hrasva - short, small, little, brief

Note: Nominative singular masculine.

क्षणात् (kṣaṇāt) - instantly, in a moment, momentarily

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative singular of kṣaṇa used adverbially to mean 'instantly'.

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

रथधूर् (rathadhūr) - chariot-pole, chariot-yoke

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rathadhūr

rathadhūr - chariot-pole, chariot-yoke

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+dhūr)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• dhūr – yoke, burden, load, responsibility, chief, leader
  noun (feminine)

Note: Compound: ratha (chariot) + dhūr (yoke).

गतः (gataḥ) - being on, standing on (gone, arrived, reached, standing, being in)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, being in, standing

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used here to mean 'being on' or 'standing on'.

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - a moment, an instant, a twinkling of an eye

Note: Instrumental singular used adverbially.

रथमध्यस्थः (rathamadhyasthaḥ) - standing in the middle of the chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathamadhyastha

rathamadhyastha - standing in the middle of a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+madhya+stha)

• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, being, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  kṛt suffix
  From root sthā (to stand) with kṛt suffix -a.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Compound word meaning 'standing in the middle of the chariot'.

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a moment, instantly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - a moment, an instant, a twinkling of an eye

Note: Instrumental singular used adverbially.

अवापतत् (avāpatat) - he fell down, he descended

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of avā-pat

Imperfect 3rd singular

From root pat (to fall) with upasarga avā.

Prefix: avā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Root pat with prefix avā.

महीम् (mahīm) - to the earth, ground

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mahī

mahī - earth, ground, land