महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-125, verse-18

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्मिन्समुदिते रङ्गे कथंचित्पर्यवस्थिते ।
दर्शयामास बीभत्सुराचार्यादस्त्रलाघवम् ॥१८॥

18. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasminsamudite raṅge kathaṁcitparyavasthite ,
darśayāmāsa bībhatsurācāryādastralāghavam.

18. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | tasmin samudite raṅge kathaṃcit
paryavasthite | darśayām āsa bībhatsuḥ ācāryāt astrālāghavam

18. Vaiśaṃpāyana spoke: "When that assembled arena was somehow settled, Bibhatsu (Arjuna) demonstrated his dexterity with weapons, a skill he had acquired from his preceptor (Dronacharya)."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - In that arena (in that, upon that)

• समुदिते (samudite) - Referring to the gathered arena/audience (assembled, gathered, excited)

• रङ्गे (raṅge) - in the arena, on the stage

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, by some means, with difficulty

• पर्यवस्थिते (paryavasthite) - Referring to the arena being brought to a state of readiness (settled, arranged, brought to order)

• दर्शयाम् (darśayām) - showed, displayed (part of periphrastic perfect)

• आस (āsa) - became, was (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

• बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bibhatsu (name of Arjuna)

• आचार्यात् (ācāryāt) - From Dronacharya (from the teacher, from the preceptor)

• अस्त्रालाघवम् (astrālāghavam) - dexterity with weapons, skill in archery

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd singular

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - In that arena (in that, upon that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

समुदिते (samudite) - Referring to the gathered arena/audience (assembled, gathered, excited)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudita

samudita - assembled, gathered, arisen, excited

Past Passive Participle

From sam-ud-i

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: i (class 2)

रङ्गे (raṅge) - in the arena, on the stage

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṅga

raṅga - arena, stage, theatre

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow, by some means, with difficulty

(indeclinable)

पर्यवस्थिते (paryavasthite) - Referring to the arena being brought to a state of readiness (settled, arranged, brought to order)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of paryavasthita

paryavasthita - settled, arranged, brought to order, standing around

Past Passive Participle

From pari-ava-sthā

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

दर्शयाम् (darśayām) - showed, displayed (part of periphrastic perfect)

(indeclinable)

Am-suffix for periphrastic perfect

From causative of dṛś, with suffix -ām for periphrastic perfect formation

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Part of periphrastic perfect with 'āsa'

आस (āsa) - became, was (auxiliary for periphrastic perfect)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of as

Perfect active 3rd singular of 'as', used as auxiliary

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for periphrastic perfect with 'darśayām'

बीभत्सुः (bībhatsuḥ) - Bibhatsu (name of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bībhatsu

bībhatsu - Bibhatsu (one of Arjuna's names, meaning 'one who abhors') or 'disgusted'

Root: bhi (class 3)

आचार्यात् (ācāryāt) - From Dronacharya (from the teacher, from the preceptor)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ācārya

ācārya - teacher, preceptor

अस्त्रालाघवम् (astrālāghavam) - dexterity with weapons, skill in archery

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of astralāghava

astralāghava - dexterity with weapons, lightness/skill with missiles

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (astra+lāghava)

• astra – missile, weapon
  noun (neuter)
• lāghava – lightness, dexterity, skill
  noun (neuter)