महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-118, verse-14

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चैव सहस्रशः ।
रुदन्तः शोकसंतप्ता अनुजग्मुर्नराधिपम् ॥१४॥

14. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāścaiva sahasraśaḥ ,
rudantaḥ śokasaṁtaptā anujagmurnarādhipam.

14. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ śūdrāḥ ca eva sahasraśaḥ
| rudantaḥ śokasaṃtaptāḥ anujagmuḥ narādhipam

14. Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras, by the thousands, weeping and consumed by sorrow, followed the king.

14. אלפים רבים של בְּרַהְמִינִים, לוחמים, סוחרים ועובדים הלכו אחרי המלך, בוכים ושקועים בצער.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior/ruling class

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

• शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras, members of the worker/laborer class

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

• रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

• शोकसंतप्ताः (śokasaṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted by grief, consumed by sorrow, tormented by pain

• अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed, they went after

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Pāṇḍu (the king, the lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, related to brahman

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior/ruling class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kṣatriya, a member of the warrior or ruling class

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaiśya, a member of the merchant, farmer, or producer class

शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras, members of the worker/laborer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Śūdra, a member of the worker or laborer class

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-śas' from 'sahasra' (thousand).

रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying, lamenting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'rud' (to weep, to cry).

Root: rud (class 2)

शोकसंतप्ताः (śokasaṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted by grief, consumed by sorrow, tormented by pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief, consumed by distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation, affliction
  noun (masculine)
• saṃtapta – distressed, afflicted, tormented, heated, burnt (past passive participle of saṃ-tap)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed, they went after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of anu-gam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Pāṇḍu (the king, the lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

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