महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-118, verse-14

ब्राह्मणाः क्षत्रिया वैश्याः शूद्राश्चैव सहस्रशः ।
रुदन्तः शोकसंतप्ता अनुजग्मुर्नराधिपम् ॥१४॥

14. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyā vaiśyāḥ śūdrāścaiva sahasraśaḥ ,
rudantaḥ śokasaṁtaptā anujagmurnarādhipam.

14. brāhmaṇāḥ kṣatriyāḥ vaiśyāḥ śūdrāḥ ca eva sahasraśaḥ
| rudantaḥ śokasaṃtaptāḥ anujagmuḥ narādhipam

14. Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas, and Śūdras, by the thousands, weeping and consumed by sorrow, followed the king.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior/ruling class

• वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

• शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras, members of the worker/laborer class

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

• रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

• शोकसंतप्ताः (śokasaṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted by grief, consumed by sorrow, tormented by pain

• अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed, they went after

• नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Pāṇḍu (the king, the lord of men)

Words meanings and morphology

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, a member of the priestly class, related to brahman

क्षत्रियाः (kṣatriyāḥ) - Kṣatriyas, members of the warrior/ruling class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - Kṣatriya, a member of the warrior or ruling class

वैश्याः (vaiśyāḥ) - Vaiśyas, members of the merchant/farmer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaiśya

vaiśya - Vaiśya, a member of the merchant, farmer, or producer class

शूद्राः (śūdrāḥ) - Śūdras, members of the worker/laborer class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūdra

śūdra - Śūdra, a member of the worker or laborer class

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix '-śas' from 'sahasra' (thousand).

रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping, crying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying, lamenting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'rud' (to weep, to cry).

Root: rud (class 2)

शोकसंतप्ताः (śokasaṁtaptāḥ) - afflicted by grief, consumed by sorrow, tormented by pain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow, tormented by grief, consumed by distress

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation, affliction
  noun (masculine)
• saṃtapta – distressed, afflicted, tormented, heated, burnt (past passive participle of saṃ-tap)
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

अनुजग्मुः (anujagmuḥ) - they followed, they went after

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of anu-gam

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

नराधिपम् (narādhipam) - King Pāṇḍu (the king, the lord of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, lord of men, ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master, sovereign
  noun (masculine)