योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-206, verse-25

कथं स्वभावाः कथय यथाबोधं मुनीश्वर ।
एकस्य जीवितं पुंसः सुहृदा मरणं द्विषा ॥ २५ ॥

kathaṃ svabhāvāḥ kathaya yathābodhaṃ munīśvara ,
ekasya jīvitaṃ puṃsaḥ suhṛdā maraṇaṃ dviṣā 25

25. katham svabhāvāḥ kathaya yathābodham munīśvara
| ekasya jīvitam puṃsaḥ suhṛdā maraṇam dviṣā

25. munīśvara yathābodham svabhāvāḥ katham kathaya
ekasya puṃsaḥ jīvitam suhṛdā maraṇam dviṣā

25. O lord of sages (munīśvara), please explain how these are intrinsic natures (svabhāva) according to your understanding: the life of one individual is (maintained) through a friend, while (their) death is (brought about) by an enemy.

25. הסבר נא כיצד פועלים חוקי הטבע הללו כפי הבנתך, הוי אדון הפרושים! הרי חיו של אדם אחד מביאים שמחה לידידו וסבל או מוות לאויבו —

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• स्वभावाः (svabhāvāḥ) - intrinsic natures, inherent qualities, inherent characteristics

• कथय (kathaya) - explain, tell (you should explain)

• यथाबोधम् (yathābodham) - according to understanding, as understood

• मुनीश्वर (munīśvara) - O lord of sages, O preeminent sage

• एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

• पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man, of a person

• सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend

• मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

• द्विषा (dviṣā) - by an enemy, by one who hates

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

From `kim` + `tha-` suffix.

स्वभावाः (svabhāvāḥ) - intrinsic natures, inherent qualities, inherent characteristics

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svabhāva

svabhāva - one's own being, inherent nature, intrinsic quality, disposition (svabhāva)

From `sva` (self, own) + `bhāva` (being, state).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+bhāva)

• sva – own, self, one's own
  pronoun
• bhāva – being, state, condition, nature, sentiment
  noun (masculine)
  From root `bhū` (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

कथय (kathaya) - explain, tell (you should explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Present Active Imperative, 2nd person singular

Denominative root from `kathā` (story).

Root: kath (class 10)

यथाबोधम् (yathābodham) - according to understanding, as understood

(indeclinable)

Avyayībhāva compound: `yathā` (as, according to) + `bodha` (understanding).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+bodha)

• yathā – as, according to, in which manner
  indeclinable
• bodha – understanding, knowledge, awakening
  noun (masculine)
  From root `budh` (to know, awaken).
  Root: budh (class 1)

मुनीश्वर (munīśvara) - O lord of sages, O preeminent sage

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of munīśvara

munīśvara - lord of sages, chief ascetic

From `muni` (sage) + `īśvara` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+īśvara)

• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  From root `man` (to think, perceive).
  Root: man (class 8)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From root `īś` (to rule) + `vara`.
  Root: īś (class 2)

एकस्य (ekasya) - of one, of a single

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique

Genitive singular, masculine/neuter.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, living

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood, animated

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root `jīv` (to live) + `ta`.

Root: jīv (class 1)

पुंसः (puṁsaḥ) - of a man, of a person

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of puṃs

puṁs - man, male, person, spirit

Genitive singular of `puṃs`.

सुहृदा (suhṛdā) - by a friend

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of suhṛd

suhṛd - good-hearted, friend, ally

From `su` (good) + `hṛd` (heart). Instrumental singular.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+hṛd)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb.
• hṛd – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)

मरणम् (maraṇam) - death, dying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of maraṇa

maraṇa - death, dying, act of dying

From root `mṛ` (to die) + `ana`.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

द्विषा (dviṣā) - by an enemy, by one who hates

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dviṣ

dviṣ - enemy, hater, adverse

Present Active Participle (used as noun)

From root `dviṣ` (to hate). Instrumental singular.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Previous Verse Next Verse