योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-156, verse-20

सिन्धुर्वदिष्यति ।
त्वया वै युक्तं कथितं यद्येवं तद्विदूरथः ।
अशक्यो जेतुमाश्चर्य एतस्य समरे वधः ॥ २० ॥

sindhurvadiṣyati ,
tvayā vai yuktaṃ kathitaṃ yadyevaṃ tadvidūrathaḥ ,
aśakyo jetumāścarya etasya samare vadhaḥ 20

20. sindhuḥ vadiṣyati tvayā vai yuktaṃ kathitaṃ yadi evaṃ tat
vidūrathaḥ aśakyaḥ jetum āścaryaḥ etasya samare vadhaḥ

20. sindhuḥ vadiṣyati tvayā vai yuktaṃ kathitaṃ yadi evaṃ,
tat etasya vidūrathaḥ samare vadhaḥ jetum aśakyaḥ āścaryaḥ (bhavet).

20. Sindhu will say: 'Indeed, you have spoken appropriately. If this is so, then Vidūratha's death in battle would be an unconquerable marvel; it would be truly astonishing.'

Words meanings summery:

• सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - Sindhu (proper noun, name of a character/king) (Sindhu (proper name), river, ocean, Indus)

• वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati) - will say (will say, will speak)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, verily)

• युक्तं (yuktaṁ) - appropriate (proper, appropriate, joined, engaged)

• कथितं (kathitaṁ) - said (by you) (said, told, narrated)

• यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

• एवं (evaṁ) - so, this is the case (thus, so, in this manner)

• तत् (tat) - then (then, therefore, that)

• विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - Vidūratha (proper noun) (Vidūratha (proper name))

• अशक्यः (aśakyaḥ) - impossible (to conquer) (impossible, incapable, unconquerable)

• जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer (to conquer, to win)

• आश्चर्यः (āścaryaḥ) - a wonder, astonishing (a wonder, surprising, astonishing)

• एतस्य (etasya) - of him (Vidūratha) (of this, of him)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - death (death, killing, slaying)

Words meanings and morphology

सिन्धुः (sindhuḥ) - Sindhu (proper noun, name of a character/king) (Sindhu (proper name), river, ocean, Indus)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sindhu

sindhu - river, ocean, Indus (river), Sindhu (proper name)

Root: syand (class 1)

Note: Subject of `vadiṣyati`.

वदिष्यति (vadiṣyati) - will say (will say, will speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future indicative (lṛṭ) of vad

Future Indicative

From root `vad`, class 1 verb, future tense.

Root: vad (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Agent of passive verb `kathitaṃ`.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, truly, verily)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

युक्तं (yuktaṁ) - appropriate (proper, appropriate, joined, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, fit, proper, suitable, engaged in (yoga)

Past Passive Participle

From root `yuj` with suffix `kta`.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Predicate adjective for `kathitaṃ`.

कथितं (kathitaṁ) - said (by you) (said, told, narrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - said, told, narrated

Past Passive Participle

From root `kath` (to say, usually a denominative from `kathā`).

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Implied subject `it` (the statement).

यदि (yadi) - if (if, in case)

(indeclinable)

Conditional particle.

एवं (evaṁ) - so, this is the case (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

तत् (tat) - then (then, therefore, that)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used correlatively with `yadi`.

विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - Vidūratha (proper noun) (Vidūratha (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidūratha

vidūratha - Vidūratha (name of a king/hero)

Name composed of `vi` (special) + `dūra` (far) + `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+dūra+ratha)

• vi – apart, away, intensive prefix
  prefix
• dūra – far, distant
  adjective (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

अशक्यः (aśakyaḥ) - impossible (to conquer) (impossible, incapable, unconquerable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakya

aśakya - impossible, not possible, incapable, unconquerable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle (negative)

Negative compound `a` + `śakya`. `śakya` from root `śak` (to be able) + `ṇyat`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+śakya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  prefix
  Negative particle.
• śakya – possible, capable, to be done
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Particerupt, here it is
  From root `śak` with suffix `ṇyat`.
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for `vadhaḥ`.

जेतुम् (jetum) - to conquer (to conquer, to win)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of ji

Infinitive

From root `ji` with suffix `tumun`.

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used with `aśakyaḥ`.

आश्चर्यः (āścaryaḥ) - a wonder, astonishing (a wonder, surprising, astonishing)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, surprise, astonishment, marvel

From `ā` + `car` root.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for `vadhaḥ`.

एतस्य (etasya) - of him (Vidūratha) (of this, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to Vidūratha.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

From `sam` + `ṛ` (to go, meet).

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use indicating place/circumstance.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - death (death, killing, slaying)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - striking, slaying, killing, death

From root `han` (to strike/kill) with suffix `ghañ` (via `vadh` substitute).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject of the clause.