योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-156, verse-10

कष्टमेष प्रवृद्धो मे सीमान्तवसुधाधिपः ।
अनेन सह संग्रामो दारुणः समुपस्थितः ॥ १० ॥

kaṣṭameṣa pravṛddho me sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ ,
anena saha saṃgrāmo dāruṇaḥ samupasthitaḥ 10

10. kaṣṭam eṣaḥ pravṛddhaḥ me sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ
anena saha saṅgrāmaḥ dāruṇaḥ samupasthitaḥ

10. kaṣṭam me eṣaḥ sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ pravṛddhaḥ
anena saha dāruṇaḥ saṅgrāmaḥ samupasthitaḥ

10. Alas, this border-king of mine has become very powerful. A dreadful battle with him is imminent.

Words meanings summery:

• कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! (woe, difficulty, trouble)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (border king) (this (one))

• प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - become powerful (grown, increased, powerful)

• मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

• सीमान्तवसुधाधिपः (sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ) - the king of my border territory (border-king, ruler of the borderland)

• अनेन (anena) - with this (king) (with this (one))

• सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

• सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - a battle (battle, war)

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fierce)

• समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - imminent (standing near, present, imminent, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

कष्टम् (kaṣṭam) - Alas! (woe, difficulty, trouble)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficulty, trouble, pain; evil, bad

Note: Used here as an interjection of distress.

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (border king) (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Refers to the `sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ`.

प्रवृद्धः (pravṛddhaḥ) - become powerful (grown, increased, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravṛddha

pravṛddha - grown, increased, mighty, powerful, great

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vṛdh` (to grow) with prefix `pra`. `vṛdh` + `kta` (ppa) = `vṛddha`, then `pra` + `vṛddha` = `pravṛddha`.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ`.

मे (me) - my (my, to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of mad

mad - I

Note: Enclitic form of `mama`.

सीमान्तवसुधाधिपः (sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ) - the king of my border territory (border-king, ruler of the borderland)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sīmāntavasudhādhipa

sīmāntavasudhādhipa - border-king, ruler of a frontier region

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sīmānta+vasudhā+adhipa)

• sīmānta – border, frontier, boundary
  noun (neuter)
• vasudhā – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)
  From `adhi` + `pā` (to protect).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

अनेन (anena) - with this (king) (with this (one))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Used with `saha`. Refers back to `sīmāntavasudhādhipaḥ`.

सह (saha) - with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case (`anena`).

सङ्ग्रामः (saṅgrāmaḥ) - a battle (battle, war)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṅgrāma

saṅgrāma - battle, war, encounter, conflict

From `sam` (together) + `grāma` (multitude, village, conflict).

Note: Subject of `samupasthitaḥ`.

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - dreadful (dreadful, terrible, fierce)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - dreadful, terrible, fierce, cruel, harsh

Note: Qualifies `saṅgrāmaḥ`.

समुपस्थितः (samupasthitaḥ) - imminent (standing near, present, imminent, arrived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samupasthita

samupasthita - near, present, imminent, arisen, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `sthā` (to stand) with prefixes `sam` and `upa`. `sam` + `upa` + `sthā` + `kta` (ppa) = `samupasthita`.

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for `saṅgrāmaḥ`.