योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-156, verse-16

त्वं वक्ष्यसि ।
भोः साधो सधनस्यास्य कल्पान्तार्णवरंहसः ।
वैरी विदूरथो राजा किमर्थं वद दुःसहः ॥ १६ ॥

tvaṃ vakṣyasi ,
bhoḥ sādho sadhanasyāsya kalpāntārṇavaraṃhasaḥ ,
vairī vidūratho rājā kimarthaṃ vada duḥsahaḥ 16

16. tvam vakṣyasi bhoḥ sādho sadhanasya asya kalpāntārṇavaraṃhasaḥ
vairī vidūrathaḥ rājā kimartham vada dussahaḥ

16. tvam vakṣyasi bhoḥ sādho vada kimartham asya sadhanasya
kalpāntārṇavaraṃhasaḥ rājā vidūrathaḥ vairī dussahaḥ

16. You will say: 'O wise one, please tell me, why was King Vidūratha, an enemy to this wealthy ruler whose power is like the ocean at the end of a cosmic cycle, so difficult to overcome?'

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• वक्ष्यसि (vakṣyasi) - you will say, you will speak

• भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (interjection of address)

• साधो (sādho) - (addressing the minister) (O good one, O wise one)

• सधनस्य (sadhanasya) - of this wealthy king (of the wealthy one, of the rich)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (king) (of this, his)

• कल्पान्तार्णवरंहसः (kalpāntārṇavaraṁhasaḥ) - whose might/power is like the ocean at the end of a cosmic cycle (whose impetus is like the ocean at the end of a cosmic cycle)

• वैरी (vairī) - enemy, hostile

• विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - Vidūratha (proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• वद (vada) - tell, speak (imperative)

• दुस्सहः (dussahaḥ) - difficult to overcome (unbearable, difficult to endure or overcome)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

वक्ष्यसि (vakṣyasi) - you will say, you will speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (ḷṛṭ) of vac

Root vac undergoes strengthening and addition of s.

Root: vac (class 2)

भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (interjection of address)

(indeclinable)

Vocative particle.

Note: Null for gender, number, case, person as it's an interjection.

साधो (sādho) - (addressing the minister) (O good one, O wise one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, holy, righteous person, wise man

From root sādh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: sādh (class 5)

सधनस्य (sadhanasya) - of this wealthy king (of the wealthy one, of the rich)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sadhana

sadhana - wealthy, rich, possessing wealth

Bahuvrihi compound: sa (with) + dhana (wealth)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+dhana)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'asya' and 'kalpāntārṇavaraṃhasaḥ'.

अस्य (asya) - of this (king) (of this, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

कल्पान्तार्णवरंहसः (kalpāntārṇavaraṁhasaḥ) - whose might/power is like the ocean at the end of a cosmic cycle (whose impetus is like the ocean at the end of a cosmic cycle)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kalpāntārṇavaraṃhasa

kalpāntārṇavaraṁhasa - having the force of the ocean at the end of a kalpa (cosmic cycle)

Bahuvrihi compound.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (kalpa-anta+arṇava+raṃhas)

• kalpa – cosmic cycle, eon, alternative
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kḷp (class 1)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ant
• arṇava – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
  From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ṛ (class 1)
• raṃhas – speed, impetus, velocity, force, might
  noun (neuter)
  From root raṃh (to go swiftly)
  Root: raṃh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the king and agrees with 'asya'.

वैरी (vairī) - enemy, hostile

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vairin

vairin - enemy, hostile, opponent

Derived from vaira (enmity).

Note: Agrees with 'vidūrathaḥ'.

विदूरथः (vidūrathaḥ) - Vidūratha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidūratha

vidūratha - Name of a king

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'vidūrathaḥ'.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) + artham (purpose).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

वद (vada) - tell, speak (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

दुस्सहः (dussahaḥ) - difficult to overcome (unbearable, difficult to endure or overcome)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dussaha

dussaha - unbearable, hard to bear, difficult to overcome, formidable

Compound of dus (bad, difficult) + saha (bearing, enduring, overcoming).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dus+saha)

• dus – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• saha – bearing, enduring, overcoming, strong
  adjective
  From root sah (to bear, endure, overcome)
  Root: sah (class 1)