योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-39

असत्कल्पैर्विकल्पैर्यत्संसारो न जितो मुधा ।
स्तोकेनाशु लयं याति क्वासद्वस्तु चिरं स्थितम् ॥ ३९ ॥

asatkalpairvikalpairyatsaṃsāro na jito mudhā ,
stokenāśu layaṃ yāti kvāsadvastu ciraṃ sthitam 39

39. asatkalpaiḥ vikalpaiḥ yat saṃsāraḥ na jitaḥ mudhā
stokena āśu layaṃ yāti kva asat vastu ciraṃ sthitam

39. yat saṃsāraḥ asatkalpaiḥ mudhā vikalpaiḥ na jitaḥ,
stokena āśu layaṃ yāti.
kva asat vastu ciraṃ sthitam?

39. Because the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) is not conquered by futile, illusory mental constructs, it quickly dissolves with even a little (effort or insight). Indeed, where can an unreal thing endure for long?

Words meanings summery:

• असत्कल्पैः (asatkalpaiḥ) - by unreal, by false, by illusory (ones)

• विकल्पैः (vikalpaiḥ) - by mental constructs, by doubts, by erroneous ideas

• यत् (yat) - since, because, that which

• संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - the cycle of transmigration, rebirth

• न (na) - not, no

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, subdued

• मुधा (mudhā) - here, qualifying the nature of the 'vikalpas' as useless (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, for nothing)

• स्तोकेन (stokena) - with a little effort or true insight (by a little, with a small amount)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• लयं (layaṁ) - dissolution, merging, absorption

• याति (yāti) - goes, attains, proceeds

• क्व (kva) - rhetorically asking 'how?' or 'where indeed?' (where?)

• असत् (asat) - unreal, non-existent, false

• वस्तु (vastu) - thing, object, substance, reality

• चिरं (ciraṁ) - for a long time, long

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, existing, remaining, firm

Words meanings and morphology

असत्कल्पैः (asatkalpaiḥ) - by unreal, by false, by illusory (ones)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asatkalpa

asatkalpa - unreal conception/imagination, false supposition

Compound of 'asat' (unreal) and 'kalpa' (imagination, supposition). Instrumental plural.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (asat+kalpa)

• asat – unreal, non-existent, false
  adjective (neuter)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from a- (negative) + sat (present active participle of √as)
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 2)
• kalpa – imagination, conception, supposition, a cosmic age
  noun (masculine)
  From √kḷp (to be arranged, to imagine)
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

विकल्पैः (vikalpaiḥ) - by mental constructs, by doubts, by erroneous ideas

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vikalpa

vikalpa - mental construct, doubt, indecision, alternative, erroneous idea

From vi- + √kḷp (to arrange, to imagine)

Prefix: vi

Root: kḷp (class 1)

यत् (yat) - since, because, that which

(indeclinable)

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of relative pronoun 'yad'; or an indeclinable particle.

संसारः (saṁsāraḥ) - the cycle of transmigration, rebirth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsāra

saṁsāra - transmigration, cycle of birth and death, world

From sam- + √sṛ (to flow, to move on)

Prefix: sam

Root: sṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, subdued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, vanquished, won, subdued

Past Passive Participle

From √ji (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

मुधा (mudhā) - here, qualifying the nature of the 'vikalpas' as useless (in vain, uselessly, fruitlessly, for nothing)

(indeclinable)

स्तोकेन (stokena) - with a little effort or true insight (by a little, with a small amount)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of stoka

stoka - a drop, a little, a small quantity

Instrumental singular

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

लयं (layaṁ) - dissolution, merging, absorption

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of laya

laya - dissolution, melting, merging, absorption, destruction

From √lī (to cling, to dissolve)

Root: lī (class 4)

याति (yāti) - goes, attains, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of yā

Present active indicative

2nd class (adādi) verb, parasmaipada

Root: yā (class 2)

क्व (kva) - rhetorically asking 'how?' or 'where indeed?' (where?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle.

असत् (asat) - unreal, non-existent, false

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of asat

asat - unreal, non-existent, false, untrue

Present Active Participle

Derived from a- (negative) + sat (present active participle of √as)

Prefix: a

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally with 'vastu'.

वस्तु (vastu) - thing, object, substance, reality

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vastu

vastu - thing, object, substance, reality, wealth

Root: vas (class 1)

चिरं (ciraṁ) - for a long time, long

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter or adverbial.

स्थितम् (sthitam) - situated, existing, remaining, firm

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sthita

sthita - stood, stayed, existing, firm, established

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)