योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-54, verse-37

सुखोच्छेद्यतया ज्ञस्य संसारमलमाततम् ।
तण्डुलस्य यथा चर्म यथा ताम्रस्य कालिमा ॥ ३७ ॥

sukhocchedyatayā jñasya saṃsāramalamātatam ,
taṇḍulasya yathā carma yathā tāmrasya kālimā 37

37. sukocchedyatayā jñasya saṃsāramalam ātatam
taṇḍulasya yathā carma yathā tāmrasya kālimā

37. jñasya ātatam saṃsāramalam sukocchedyatayā (asti) yathā taṇḍulasya carma,
yathā tāmrasya kālimā (asti)

37. For the knower (jña), the pervasive defilement of transmigration (saṃsāra) is easily removed, just as the husk (carma) of rice (taṇḍula) (is removed), and just as the tarnish (kālimā) of copper (tāmra) (is removed).

Words meanings summery:

• सुकोच्छेद्यतया (sukocchedyatayā) - by reason of being easily removable/destroyable, due to easy removal

• ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - Refers to one who has attained spiritual knowledge (jña). (of the knower, for the wise one)

• संसारमलम् (saṁsāramalam) - Refers to the conditioning or ignorance that leads to the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra). (the impurity/defilement of transmigration (saṃsāra))

• आततम् (ātatam) - Describes the `saṃsāramala` as widespread or deeply spread. (extensive, pervasive, stretched out, wide, continuous)

• तण्डुलस्य (taṇḍulasya) - Part of the simile for easy removal. (of rice, of a grain of rice)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• चर्म (carma) - Specifically 'husk' when referring to rice. (skin, hide, outer layer)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

• ताम्रस्य (tāmrasya) - Part of the simile for easy removal. (of copper)

• कालिमा (kālimā) - Specifically 'tarnish' when referring to copper. (blackness, tarnish, dark color)

Words meanings and morphology

सुकोच्छेद्यतया (sukocchedyatayā) - by reason of being easily removable/destroyable, due to easy removal

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of sukocchedyatā

sukocchedyatā - the state of being easily removable, easy destruction, removability

From 'su-ucchedya' (easily cut off/removed) + 'tā' (abstract noun suffix). 'su-ucchedya' is derived from 'su' (easy) + 'ut-' (up, out) + 'chid' (to cut, to break) + 'yat' (gerundive suffix).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sukha+ucchedyatā)

• sukha – ease, happiness, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
  Used as a prefix meaning 'easily' in compounds.
• ucchedyatā – capability of being cut off, destructibility, removability
  noun (feminine)
  From 'ut-' (up, out) + 'chid' (to cut) + 'yat' (gerundive) + 'tā' (abstract noun suffix).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: chid (class 7)

Note: Formed with `tayā` suffix meaning 'by reason of'.

ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - Refers to one who has attained spiritual knowledge (jña). (of the knower, for the wise one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knowing, wise, a knower, expert, understanding

From root 'jñā' (to know) + 'ka' suffix.

Root: jñā (class 9)

संसारमलम् (saṁsāramalam) - Refers to the conditioning or ignorance that leads to the cycle of birth and death (saṃsāra). (the impurity/defilement of transmigration (saṃsāra))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃsāramala

saṁsāramala - the impurity of transmigration (saṃsāra), the defilement of mundane existence

Compound of 'saṃsāra' (transmigration) and 'mala' (impurity). Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : Ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+mala)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of birth and death, worldly existence
  noun (masculine)
  From 'sam-' (together, completely) + 'sṛ' (to flow, to move) + 'ghañ' suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• mala – impurity, dirt, defilement, sin, blemish
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'mal' (to hold, to grasp) or 'mlai' (to fade).
  Root: mal (class 1)

Note: This is the subject of the implied verb ('is easily removed').

आततम् (ātatam) - Describes the `saṃsāramala` as widespread or deeply spread. (extensive, pervasive, stretched out, wide, continuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ātat

ātat - extensive, pervasive, stretched out, wide, continuous, manifold

Past Passive Participle

From 'ā-' (towards, thoroughly) + 'tan' (to stretch, to extend) + 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `saṃsāramalam`.

तण्डुलस्य (taṇḍulasya) - Part of the simile for easy removal. (of rice, of a grain of rice)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of taṇḍula

taṇḍula - grain of rice, rice, seed of a plant

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

From 'yad' (which) + 'thā' suffix.

चर्म (carma) - Specifically 'husk' when referring to rice. (skin, hide, outer layer)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of carman

carman - skin, hide, leather, outer covering, bark, husk

From root 'kṛt' (to cut, to peel) or 'carv' (to chew).

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, according to

(indeclinable)

From 'yad' (which) + 'thā' suffix.

ताम्रस्य (tāmrasya) - Part of the simile for easy removal. (of copper)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tāmra

tāmra - copper, coppery, reddish-brown, made of copper

From root 'tam' (to be distressed, to become dark).

Root: tam (class 4)

कालिमा (kālimā) - Specifically 'tarnish' when referring to copper. (blackness, tarnish, dark color)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāliman

kāliman - blackness, dark color, tarnish, stain

From 'kāla' (black) + 'iman' suffix for abstract quality.