योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-29, verse-5

एतावता तु कालेन दृढाभ्यासादहंकृतेः ।
दामादयोऽहमित्यास्थां जगृहुर्ग्रस्तचेतसः ॥ ५ ॥

etāvatā tu kālena dṛḍhābhyāsādahaṃkṛteḥ ,
dāmādayo'hamityāsthāṃ jagṛhurgrastacetasaḥ 5

5. etāvatā tu kālena dṛḍha-abhyāsāt ahaṅkṛteḥ
dāma-ādayaḥ aham iti āsthām jagṛhuḥ grasta-cetasaḥ

5. tu etāvatā kālena dṛḍha-abhyāsāt ahaṅkṛteḥ
grasta-cetasaḥ dāma-ādayaḥ aham iti āsthām jagṛhuḥ

5. Indeed, over such a long period, Dama and others, their minds seized by the persistent habituation to ego (ahaṅkāra), adopted the firm conviction 'I am'.

5. במהלך כל הזמן הזה, מתוך הרגל ממושך של אַהַנְקָארָה (תחושת האגו), דָאמָה וחבריו נאחזו בתפיסה 'אני הוא זה', ומחשבתם נלכדה לחלוטין.

Words meanings summery:

• एतावता (etāvatā) - over such a long (by so much, by such, by this much)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time)

• दृढ-अभ्यासात् (dṛḍha-abhyāsāt) - by the persistent habituation (from firm practice, from intense habituation)

• अहङ्कृतेः (ahaṅkṛteḥ) - of ego (ahaṅkāra) (of egoism, of ego (ahaṅkāra))

• दाम-आदयः (dāma-ādayaḥ) - Dama and others (Dama and others, starting with Dama)

• अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

• इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

• आस्थाम् (āsthām) - firm conviction (firm conviction, belief, attention, trust)

• जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - adopted (they took, seized, adopted, held)

• ग्रस्त-चेतसः (grasta-cetasaḥ) - whose minds were overwhelmed (whose minds are seized, overwhelmed in mind)

Words meanings and morphology

एतावता (etāvatā) - over such a long (by so much, by such, by this much)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, so many, such, this much

Note: Modifies 'kālena'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, black, death

Note: Indicates duration or means.

दृढ-अभ्यासात् (dṛḍha-abhyāsāt) - by the persistent habituation (from firm practice, from intense habituation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dṛḍha-abhyāsa

dṛḍha-abhyāsa - firm practice, intense habituation, strong application

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dṛḍha+abhyāsa)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, persistent, hard
  adjective (masculine)
• abhyāsa – practice, habituation, repetition, study
  noun (masculine)
  From abhi + as (to throw, practise)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause.

अहङ्कृतेः (ahaṅkṛteḥ) - of ego (ahaṅkāra) (of egoism, of ego (ahaṅkāra))

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of ahaṅkṛti

ahaṅkṛti - egoism, individuality, sense of self, ego (ahaṅkāra)

Derived from aham-kṛ (to make 'I')

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connected to 'dṛḍhābhyāsāt'.

दाम-आदयः (dāma-ādayaḥ) - Dama and others (Dama and others, starting with Dama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāma-ādi

dāma-ādi - Dama and others, beginning with Dama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāma+ādi)

• dāma – Dama (proper name), rope, garland
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and others
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'jagṛhuḥ'.

अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself, we

Note: The core of the adopted conviction.

इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

आस्थाम् (āsthām) - firm conviction (firm conviction, belief, attention, trust)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āsthā

āsthā - firm conviction, belief, trust, attention, reliance

From ā-sthā (to stand upon, rely on)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jagṛhuḥ'.

जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - adopted (they took, seized, adopted, held)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Verb for 'dāmādayaḥ'.

ग्रस्त-चेतसः (grasta-cetasaḥ) - whose minds were overwhelmed (whose minds are seized, overwhelmed in mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grasta-cetas

grasta-cetas - whose mind is seized, overwhelmed in mind, engrossed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (grasta+cetas)

• grasta – seized, grasped, eclipsed, swallowed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gras (to seize, swallow)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intelligence, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dāmādayaḥ'.

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