योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-29, verse-5

एतावता तु कालेन दृढाभ्यासादहंकृतेः ।
दामादयोऽहमित्यास्थां जगृहुर्ग्रस्तचेतसः ॥ ५ ॥

etāvatā tu kālena dṛḍhābhyāsādahaṃkṛteḥ ,
dāmādayo'hamityāsthāṃ jagṛhurgrastacetasaḥ 5

5. etāvatā tu kālena dṛḍha-abhyāsāt ahaṅkṛteḥ
dāma-ādayaḥ aham iti āsthām jagṛhuḥ grasta-cetasaḥ

5. tu etāvatā kālena dṛḍha-abhyāsāt ahaṅkṛteḥ
grasta-cetasaḥ dāma-ādayaḥ aham iti āsthām jagṛhuḥ

5. Indeed, over such a long period, Dama and others, their minds seized by the persistent habituation to ego (ahaṅkāra), adopted the firm conviction 'I am'.

Words meanings summery:

• एतावता (etāvatā) - over such a long (by so much, by such, by this much)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time)

• दृढ-अभ्यासात् (dṛḍha-abhyāsāt) - by the persistent habituation (from firm practice, from intense habituation)

• अहङ्कृतेः (ahaṅkṛteḥ) - of ego (ahaṅkāra) (of egoism, of ego (ahaṅkāra))

• दाम-आदयः (dāma-ādayaḥ) - Dama and others (Dama and others, starting with Dama)

• अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

• इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

• आस्थाम् (āsthām) - firm conviction (firm conviction, belief, attention, trust)

• जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - adopted (they took, seized, adopted, held)

• ग्रस्त-चेतसः (grasta-cetasaḥ) - whose minds were overwhelmed (whose minds are seized, overwhelmed in mind)

Words meanings and morphology

एतावता (etāvatā) - over such a long (by so much, by such, by this much)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of etāvat

etāvat - so much, so many, such, this much

Note: Modifies 'kālena'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कालेन (kālena) - with the passage of time (by time, in time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, black, death

Note: Indicates duration or means.

दृढ-अभ्यासात् (dṛḍha-abhyāsāt) - by the persistent habituation (from firm practice, from intense habituation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of dṛḍha-abhyāsa

dṛḍha-abhyāsa - firm practice, intense habituation, strong application

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dṛḍha+abhyāsa)

• dṛḍha – firm, strong, persistent, hard
  adjective (masculine)
• abhyāsa – practice, habituation, repetition, study
  noun (masculine)
  From abhi + as (to throw, practise)
  Prefix: abhi
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause.

अहङ्कृतेः (ahaṅkṛteḥ) - of ego (ahaṅkāra) (of egoism, of ego (ahaṅkāra))

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of ahaṅkṛti

ahaṅkṛti - egoism, individuality, sense of self, ego (ahaṅkāra)

Derived from aham-kṛ (to make 'I')

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Connected to 'dṛḍhābhyāsāt'.

दाम-आदयः (dāma-ādayaḥ) - Dama and others (Dama and others, starting with Dama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāma-ādi

dāma-ādi - Dama and others, beginning with Dama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dāma+ādi)

• dāma – Dama (proper name), rope, garland
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and others
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'jagṛhuḥ'.

अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself, we

Note: The core of the adopted conviction.

इति (iti) - (marks direct speech) (thus, in this way, (marks direct speech or thought))

(indeclinable)

आस्थाम् (āsthām) - firm conviction (firm conviction, belief, attention, trust)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āsthā

āsthā - firm conviction, belief, trust, attention, reliance

From ā-sthā (to stand upon, rely on)

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jagṛhuḥ'.

जगृहुः (jagṛhuḥ) - adopted (they took, seized, adopted, held)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Verb for 'dāmādayaḥ'.

ग्रस्त-चेतसः (grasta-cetasaḥ) - whose minds were overwhelmed (whose minds are seized, overwhelmed in mind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of grasta-cetas

grasta-cetas - whose mind is seized, overwhelmed in mind, engrossed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (grasta+cetas)

• grasta – seized, grasped, eclipsed, swallowed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gras (to seize, swallow)
  Root: gras (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intelligence, thought, heart
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'dāmādayaḥ'.