योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-8

अपि कष्टतरां प्राप्तैर्दशां विवशतां गतैः ।
मनागपि न संत्याज्या मानवैः साधुसंगतिः ॥ ८ ॥

api kaṣṭatarāṃ prāptairdaśāṃ vivaśatāṃ gataiḥ ,
manāgapi na saṃtyājyā mānavaiḥ sādhusaṃgatiḥ 8

8. api kaṣṭatarām prāptaiḥ daśām vivaśatām gataiḥ
manāk api na saṃtyājyā mānavaiḥ sādhu-saṅgatiḥ

8. mānavaiḥ api kaṣṭatarām daśām vivaśatām prāptaiḥ
gataiḥ api manāk sādhu-saṅgatiḥ na saṃtyājyā

8. Even when humans have reached a most difficult and helpless state, the company of virtuous people should not be abandoned even slightly.

8. אף כשאנשים מגיעים למצב הקשה ביותר ונופלים לחוסר אונים, אסור להם לנטוש את חברת הצדיקים אפילו במעט.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• कष्टतराम् (kaṣṭatarām) - most difficult (more difficult, most difficult, more painful)

• प्राप्तैः (prāptaiḥ) - by those who have attained, by those who have reached

• दशाम् (daśām) - state, condition, phase

• विवशताम् (vivaśatām) - helplessness, powerlessness, dependency

• गतैः (gataiḥ) - by those who have gone, by those who have reached, by those who have fallen into

• मनाक् (manāk) - even slightly (a little, slightly, a bit)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• न (na) - not, no

• संत्याज्या (saṁtyājyā) - should not be abandoned (to be abandoned, to be given up, relinquishable)

• मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by humans, by men

• साधु-सङ्गतिः (sādhu-saṅgatiḥ) - the company of virtuous people, association with good people

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कष्टतराम् (kaṣṭatarām) - most difficult (more difficult, most difficult, more painful)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaṣṭatara

kaṣṭatara - more difficult, more painful, more troubled

Comparative degree of 'kaṣṭa' (difficult, painful) with the suffix 'tara'.

Note: Modifies 'daśām'.

प्राप्तैः (prāptaiḥ) - by those who have attained, by those who have reached

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prāpta

prāpta - attained, reached, obtained, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'mānavaiḥ'.

दशाम् (daśām) - state, condition, phase

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of daśā

daśā - state, condition, situation, phase of life, period

Note: Direct object of 'prāptaiḥ' and 'gataiḥ'.

विवशताम् (vivaśatām) - helplessness, powerlessness, dependency

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vivaśatā

vivaśatā - helplessness, powerlessness, dependency, lack of self-control

From 'vivaśa' (helpless, dependent) with the suffix 'tā'.

Note: Direct object of 'prāptaiḥ' and 'gataiḥ', describes the nature of the 'daśām'.

गतैः (gataiḥ) - by those who have gone, by those who have reached, by those who have fallen into

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, fallen into, become

Past Passive Participle

From root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'mānavaiḥ'.

मनाक् (manāk) - even slightly (a little, slightly, a bit)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'saṃtyājyā'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, here emphasizing 'manāk'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle for the verb 'saṃtyājyā'.

संत्याज्या (saṁtyājyā) - should not be abandoned (to be abandoned, to be given up, relinquishable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saṃtyājya

saṁtyājya - to be abandoned, to be given up, relinquishable

Gerundive (Passive Future Participle)

From root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with prefix 'sam' and suffix 'ya' (nyaT), indicating fitness or obligation.

Prefix: sam

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implies the verb 'to be'.

मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by humans, by men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, man, descendant of Manu

From 'manu' (man) with suffix 'aṇ'.

Root: man

Note: Agent of the passive construction (implied verb with gerundive 'saṃtyājyā').

साधु-सङ्गतिः (sādhu-saṅgatiḥ) - the company of virtuous people, association with good people

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sādhu-saṅgati

sādhu-saṅgati - company of good/virtuous people, association with saints

Compound type : tatpurusha (sādhu+saṅgati)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sādh' (to accomplish, succeed).
  Root: sādh (class 5)
• saṅgati – meeting, association, coming together, company
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'sam' and suffix 'ti'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied passive construction with 'saṃtyājyā'.

Previous Verse Next Verse