योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-16, verse-5

परं विवर्धनं बुद्धेरज्ञानतरुशातनम् ।
समुत्सारणमाधीनां विद्धि साधुसमागमम् ॥ ५ ॥

paraṃ vivardhanaṃ buddherajñānataruśātanam ,
samutsāraṇamādhīnāṃ viddhi sādhusamāgamam 5

5. param vivardhanam buddheḥ ajñānataruśātanam
samutsāraṇam ādhīnām viddhi sādhu-samāgamam

5. sādhu-samāgamam buddheḥ param vivardhanam
ajñānataruśātanam ādhīnām samutsāraṇam viddhi

5. Understand that the company of virtuous people is the supreme enhancer of intellect, the destroyer of the tree of ignorance, and the remover of mental distresses.

Words meanings summery:

• परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate, excellent, highest

• विवर्धनम् (vivardhanam) - enhancer, source of growth (growth, increase, development, enhancement)

• बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of intellect, of understanding, of discernment

• अज्ञानतरुशातनम् (ajñānataruśātanam) - the felling/destroying of the tree of ignorance

• समुत्सारणम् (samutsāraṇam) - removal, expulsion, driving away

• आधीनाम् (ādhīnām) - of mental anxieties, of distresses, of worries

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand, recognize

• साधु-समागमम् (sādhu-samāgamam) - the company of virtuous people, association with good people

Words meanings and morphology

परम् (param) - supreme, ultimate, excellent, highest

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, excellent, highest, further

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective for the following nouns.

विवर्धनम् (vivardhanam) - enhancer, source of growth (growth, increase, development, enhancement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vivardhana

vivardhana - growth, increase, development, enhancement

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow) with prefix 'vi' and suffix 'ana'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun in the accusative case, agreeing with the implied subject 'sādhu-samāgamam'.

बुद्धेः (buddheḥ) - of intellect, of understanding, of discernment

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, discernment, perception, awakening

From root 'budh' (to know, perceive) with suffix 'ti'.

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Governed by 'vivardhanam'.

अज्ञानतरुशातनम् (ajñānataruśātanam) - the felling/destroying of the tree of ignorance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ajñānataruśātana

ajñānataruśātana - felling of the tree of ignorance, destroyer of the tree of ignorance

Compound type : tatpurusha (ajñāna+taru+śātana)

• ajñāna – ignorance, nescience, spiritual darkness
  noun (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a' + 'jñāna' (knowledge).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• taru – tree
  noun (masculine)
• śātana – felling, cutting down, destroying
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'śat' (to cut, divide) with suffix 'ana'.
  Root: śat (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun in the accusative case.

समुत्सारणम् (samutsāraṇam) - removal, expulsion, driving away

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samutsāraṇa

samutsāraṇa - removal, expulsion, driving away, complete eradication

From root 'sṛ' (to go, move) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ut' and suffix 'ana'.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun in the accusative case.

आधीनाम् (ādhīnām) - of mental anxieties, of distresses, of worries

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ādhi

ādhi - mental anxiety, distress, worry, pain, disease

From root 'dhā' (to place, put) with prefix 'ā'.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Governed by 'samutsāraṇam'.

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand, recognize

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative 2nd Person Singular

From root 'vid' (class 2, parasmaipada).

Root: vid (class 2)

साधु-समागमम् (sādhu-samāgamam) - the company of virtuous people, association with good people

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sādhu-samāgama

sādhu-samāgama - company of good/virtuous people, association with saints

Compound type : tatpurusha (sādhu+samāgama)

• sādhu – good, virtuous, righteous, holy man, sage
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'sādh' (to accomplish, succeed).
  Root: sādh (class 5)
• samāgama – meeting, association, coming together, company
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gam' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'viddhi'.