योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-27, verse-21

कुतोऽपि संवर्धिततुच्छरूपैर्भावैरमीभिः क्षणनष्टदृष्टैः ।
विलोड्यमाना जनता जगत्यां नवेत्युपायातमहो न पातम् ॥ २१ ॥

kuto'pi saṃvardhitatuccharūpairbhāvairamībhiḥ kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭaiḥ ,
viloḍyamānā janatā jagatyāṃ navetyupāyātamaho na pātam 21

21. kutaḥ api saṃvardhitatuccharūpaiḥ
bhāvaiḥ amībhiḥ kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭaiḥ
| viloḍyamānā janatā jagatyām
nava iti upāyātam aho na pātam

21. jagatyam janatā kutaḥ api saṃvardhitatuccharūpaiḥ kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭaiḥ amībhiḥ bhāvaiḥ viloḍyamānā (satī),
'nava' iti upāyātam (iti bhāṣate),
aho! pātam na (asti)?

21. The populace in the world, being agitated by these ephemeral entities (bhāva) which, somehow, though their forms are trivial, are augmented, and whose visibility vanishes in an instant—(they exclaim,) 'A new (era/thing) has arrived!' Alas, is it not (in fact) a downfall (pāta)?

Words meanings summery:

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - somehow, from an unknown source (whence, from where, how, why)

• अपि (api) - implying indefiniteness, 'somehow' (also, even, perhaps, though)

• संवर्धिततुच्छरूपैः (saṁvardhitatuccharūpaiḥ) - by those whose trifling forms are augmented

• भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by ephemeral entities/phenomena (by entities, by states of being, by feelings)

• अमीभिः (amībhiḥ) - by these

• क्षणनष्टदृष्टैः (kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭaiḥ) - by those whose existence vanishes in an instant (by those whose appearance/sight is lost in a moment)

• विलोड्यमाना (viloḍyamānā) - being agitated, being disturbed, being stirred

• जनता (janatā) - populace, people, mankind, multitude

• जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world, on earth

• नव (nava) - a new (thing/era) (new, fresh, recent)

• इति (iti) - marking a direct quote or thought (thus, so, this (quotative particle))

• उपायातम् (upāyātam) - has arrived (arrived, come near, approached, obtained)

• अहो (aho) - Alas! (expressing sorrow or surprise) (Oh!, Alas!, Ah! (exclamation))

• न (na) - (rhetorical) is it not (not, no)

• पातम् (pātam) - downfall, ruin (fall, downfall, ruin, descent)

Words meanings and morphology

कुतः (kutaḥ) - somehow, from an unknown source (whence, from where, how, why)

(indeclinable)

Ablative form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim' (what)

अपि (api) - implying indefiniteness, 'somehow' (also, even, perhaps, though)

(indeclinable)

संवर्धिततुच्छरूपैः (saṁvardhitatuccharūpaiḥ) - by those whose trifling forms are augmented

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃvardhitatuccharūpa

saṁvardhitatuccharūpa - whose trifling forms are augmented/magnified

Compound type : bahuvrihi (samvardhita+tuccha+rūpa)

• samvardhita – grown, augmented, nourished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle (Causative)
  Derived from root vṛdh (to grow) with prefix sam, causative -i, and passive -ta
  Prefix: sam
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• tuccha – trifling, small, insignificant, empty
  adjective
• rūpa – form, appearance, nature, image
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāvaiḥ'.

भावैः (bhāvaiḥ) - by ephemeral entities/phenomena (by entities, by states of being, by feelings)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhāva

bhāva - being, existence, state, condition, nature, feeling, sentiment, entity

Derived from root bhū (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'viloḍyamānā'.

अमीभिः (amībhiḥ) - by these

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of adas

adas - this, that (distant), these, those

Note: Agrees with 'bhāvaiḥ'.

क्षणनष्टदृष्टैः (kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭaiḥ) - by those whose existence vanishes in an instant (by those whose appearance/sight is lost in a moment)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭa

kṣaṇanaṣṭadṛṣṭa - whose appearance is lost in a moment, momentarily seen and lost

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kṣaṇa+naṣṭa+dṛṣṭa)

• kṣaṇa – moment, instant, very short time
  noun (masculine)
• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, perished, vanished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root naś (to perish, be lost) with suffix -ta
  Root: naś (class 4)
• dṛṣṭa – seen, visible, appearance, sight
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -ta
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhāvaiḥ'.

विलोड्यमाना (viloḍyamānā) - being agitated, being disturbed, being stirred

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of viloḍyamāna

viloḍyamāna - being agitated, being disturbed, being stirred, being confused

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root luḍ (to disturb, agitate) with prefix vi, and middle voice suffix -māna

Prefix: vi

Root: luḍ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'janatā'.

जनता (janatā) - populace, people, mankind, multitude

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of janatā

janatā - populace, people, mankind, multitude

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject.

जगत्याम् (jagatyām) - in the world, on earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of jagatī

jagatī - earth, world, mankind

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Denotes location.

नव (nava) - a new (thing/era) (new, fresh, recent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nava

nava - new, fresh, young, recent

Note: The meaning 'new' indicates an event or state seen as novel by the populace.

इति (iti) - marking a direct quote or thought (thus, so, this (quotative particle))

(indeclinable)

उपायातम् (upāyātam) - has arrived (arrived, come near, approached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upāyāta

upāyāta - arrived, come near, approached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with prefixes upa-ā and suffix -ta

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Acts as a verb in perfective sense.

अहो (aho) - Alas! (expressing sorrow or surprise) (Oh!, Alas!, Ah! (exclamation))

(indeclinable)

न (na) - (rhetorical) is it not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

पातम् (pātam) - downfall, ruin (fall, downfall, ruin, descent)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāta

pāta - fall, falling, descent, downfall, ruin, destruction

Derived from root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject of the rhetorical question.