वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-3, verse-20

गतेषु ब्रह्मपूर्वेषु देवेष्वथ नभस्तलम् ।
धनेशः पितरं प्राह विनयात् प्रणतो वचः ॥२०॥

20. gateṣu brahmapūrveṣu deveṣvatha nabhastalam ,
dhaneśaḥ pitaraṃ prāha vinayāt praṇato vacaḥ.

20. gateṣu brahmapūrveṣu deveṣu atha nabhastalam
dhaneśaḥ pitaram prāha vinayāt praṇataḥ vacaḥ

20. brahmapūrveṣu deveṣu nabhastalam gateṣu atha
dhaneśaḥ praṇataḥ vinayāt pitaram vacaḥ prāha

20. After the gods, led by (brahman) Brahmā, had ascended to the sky, then Kubera, the lord of wealth, bowing respectfully, spoke these words to his father.

Words meanings summery:

• गतेषु (gateṣu) - having gone, departed, ascended

• ब्रह्मपूर्वेषु (brahmapūrveṣu) - with Brahmā as the foremost, led by Brahmā

• देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, to the gods (locative absolute)

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

• नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - the sky, the firmament

• धनेशः (dhaneśaḥ) - Kubera, the deity presiding over wealth. (the lord of wealth, Kubera)

• पितरम् (pitaram) - Kubera's father, Viśravas. (father)

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke

• विनयात् (vinayāt) - with humility, respectfully, out of modesty

• प्रणतः (praṇataḥ) - bowed down, prostrate, humble

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

Words meanings and morphology

गतेषु (gateṣu) - having gone, departed, ascended

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of gata

gata - gone, departed, arrived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, indicating 'when they had gone'.

ब्रह्मपूर्वेषु (brahmapūrveṣu) - with Brahmā as the foremost, led by Brahmā

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of brahmapūrva

brahmapūrva - having Brahmā as the chief, led by Brahmā

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (brahman+pūrva)

• brahman – Brahmā (the creator deity), the Absolute, sacred word
  proper noun (masculine)
• pūrva – first, foremost, ancient, eastern
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agreeing with 'deveṣu'.

देवेषु (deveṣu) - among the gods, to the gods (locative absolute)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon, now

(indeclinable)

नभस्तलम् (nabhastalam) - the sky, the firmament

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nabhastala

nabhastala - surface of the sky, sky, atmosphere

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nabhas+tala)

• nabhas – sky, atmosphere, cloud
  noun (neuter)
• tala – surface, plane, flat ground, level
  noun (masculine)

धनेशः (dhaneśaḥ) - Kubera, the deity presiding over wealth. (the lord of wealth, Kubera)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhaneśa

dhaneśa - lord of wealth, Kubera

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhana+īśa)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• īśa – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: īś (class 2)

पितरम् (pitaram) - Kubera's father, Viśravas. (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

प्राह (prāha) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pra-ah

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

विनयात् (vinayāt) - with humility, respectfully, out of modesty

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vinaya

vinaya - modesty, humility, discipline, good conduct

Note: Used adverbially to indicate the manner of speaking.

प्रणतः (praṇataḥ) - bowed down, prostrate, humble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇata

praṇata - bowed, bent, humble, submissive

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root nam (to bow) with prefix pra (forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'dhaneśaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, voice

Root: vac (class 2)