वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-3, verse-10

स तु वर्षसहस्राणि तपस्तप्त्वा महावने ।
पूर्णे वर्षसहस्रे तु तं तं विधिमवर्तत ॥१०॥

10. sa tu varṣasahasrāṇi tapastaptvā mahāvane ,
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu taṃ taṃ vidhimavartata.

10. sa tu varṣasahasrāṇi tapaḥ taptvā mahāvane
pūrṇe varṣasahasre tu tam tam vidhim avartata

10. But he, after performing severe asceticism (tapas) for thousands of years in the great forest, at the completion of a thousand years, then undertook those various prescribed rites.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he (Vaiśravaṇa) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years (as duration) (thousands of years)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, heat)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (asceticism) (having performed austerities, having heated)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

• पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - completed (full, complete, fulfilled)

• वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - at the completion of a thousand years (in a thousand years)

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तम् (tam) - those (various) (that, him)

• तम् (tam) - those (various) (that, him)

• विधिम् (vidhim) - prescribed rites (rule, ordinance, prescribed rite, method)

• अवर्तत (avartata) - he undertook/practiced (he performed, he practiced, he was engaged in)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he (Vaiśravaṇa) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years (as duration) (thousands of years)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Denotes duration of time.

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, austerity, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, austerity, religious penance

From root tap (to heat, suffer penance).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of `taptvā`.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed (asceticism) (having performed austerities, having heated)

(indeclinable verbal participle)

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)

Note: Place where austerities were performed.

पूर्णे (pūrṇe) - completed (full, complete, fulfilled)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled, fulfilled

Past Passive Participle

From root pṛ (to fill) + kta.

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - at the completion of a thousand years (in a thousand years)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain, monsoon
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction: 'when a thousand years were complete'.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - those (various) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Repeated for emphasis: 'those very' or 'those various'.

तम् (tam) - those (various) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Repeated for emphasis: 'those very' or 'those various'.

विधिम् (vidhim) - prescribed rites (rule, ordinance, prescribed rite, method)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, ordinance, prescribed ritual, method, destiny

From vi + dhā (to place, arrange) + i.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The repetitive 'tam tam' suggests 'those specific rites' or 'various such rites'.

अवर्तत (avartata) - he undertook/practiced (he performed, he practiced, he was engaged in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect tense, middle voice.

Root: vṛt (class 1)