वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-3, verse-11

जलाशी मारुताहारो निराहारस्तथैव च ।
एवं वर्षसहस्राणि जग्मुस्तान्येव वर्षवत् ॥११॥

11. jalāśī mārutāhāro nirāhārastathaiva ca ,
evaṃ varṣasahasrāṇi jagmustānyeva varṣavat.

11. jalāśī mārutāhāraḥ nirāhāraḥ tathā eva ca
evam varṣasahasrāṇi jagmuḥ tāni eva varṣavat

11. jalāśī mārutāhāraḥ tathā eva nirāhāraḥ ca
evam tāni varṣasahasrāṇi varṣavat eva jagmuḥ

11. Remaining in water, subsisting on air, and similarly fasting completely, in this manner, thousands of years passed for him, just as if they were ordinary years.

Words meanings summery:

• जलाशी (jalāśī) - Remaining in water (as an ascetic practice) (one who lies in water, one who stays in water)

• मारुताहारः (mārutāhāraḥ) - subsisting on air (as an ascetic practice) (eating air, subsisting on air)

• निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - completely fasting (as an ascetic practice) (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

• एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just, even)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they passed (they went, they passed)

• तानि (tāni) - those (years) (those)

• एव (eva) - just (as if they were ordinary years) (indeed, only, just)

• वर्षवत् (varṣavat) - just as if they were ordinary years (i.e. quickly) (like years, like rain)

Words meanings and morphology

जलाशी (jalāśī) - Remaining in water (as an ascetic practice) (one who lies in water, one who stays in water)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalāśin

jalāśin - one who lies/stays in water

From jala (water) + root śī (to lie, rest) with suffix ini.

Compound type : tatpurusha (jala+āśin)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – one who lies/stays
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root śī (to lie) with prefix ā and suffix ini.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Nominative singular of jalāśin.

मारुताहारः (mārutāhāraḥ) - subsisting on air (as an ascetic practice) (eating air, subsisting on air)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārutāhāra

mārutāhāra - one who consumes air; air-eater

Compound of māruta (air) and āhāra (food, consumption).

Compound type : tatpurusha (māruta+āhāra)

• māruta – air, wind
  noun (masculine)
• āhāra – food, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

निराहारः (nirāhāraḥ) - completely fasting (as an ascetic practice) (without food, fasting, abstaining from food)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāhāra

nirāhāra - fasting, abstinent, without food

From nis (without) + āhāra (food).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āhāra)

• nis – without, out
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or absence.
• āhāra – food, consumption
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, in that manner, likewise)

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) + suffix thā.

एव (eva) - similarly (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes tathā.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एवम् (evam) - in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

Note: Refers to the ascetic practices.

वर्षसहस्राणि (varṣasahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound of varṣa (year) and sahasra (thousand).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Acts as the subject of jagmuḥ.

जग्मुः (jagmuḥ) - they passed (they went, they passed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect active 3rd plural

From root gam (to go), perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is varṣasahasrāṇi.

तानि (tāni) - those (years) (those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun.

एव (eva) - just (as if they were ordinary years) (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

वर्षवत् (varṣavat) - just as if they were ordinary years (i.e. quickly) (like years, like rain)

(indeclinable)

From varṣa (year or rain) + suffix vat.

Note: Adverbial usage.