वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-15, verse-24

ततस्तौ राम निघ्नन्तावन्योन्यं परमाहवे ।
न विह्वलौ न च श्रान्तौ बभूवतुरमर्षणैः ॥२४॥

24. tatastau rāma nighnantāvanyonyaṃ paramāhave ,
na vihvalau na ca śrāntau babhūvaturamarṣaṇaiḥ.

24. tataḥ tau rāma nighnantau anyonyam paramāhave
na vihvalau na ca śrāntau babhūvatuḥ amṛṣaṇaiḥ

24. rāma tataḥ paramāhave anyonyam nighnantau tau
amṛṣaṇaiḥ na vihvalau ca na śrāntau babhūvatuḥ

24. Then, O Rāma, those two, striking each other in the great battle, became neither agitated nor weary, remaining intensely ferocious.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तौ (tau) - those two (Daśagrīva and the lord of Yakṣas) (those two)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• निघ्नन्तौ (nighnantau) - striking each other (striking, killing)

• अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

• परमाहवे (paramāhave) - in the great battle

• न (na) - not, no

• विह्वलौ (vihvalau) - agitated, distressed, confused

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - tired, weary, exhausted

• बभूवतुः (babhūvatuḥ) - they became, they were

• अमृषणैः (amṛṣaṇaiḥ) - characterized by their impatience or ferocity during the battle (by the impatient ones, by their impatience/fury, intensely ferocious)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तौ (tau) - those two (Daśagrīva and the lord of Yakṣas) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: refers to Daśagrīva and Yakṣendra

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, the hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: addressing the listener/narratee

निघ्नन्तौ (nighnantau) - striking each other (striking, killing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing, smiting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root han (to strike/kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: agrees with tau

अन्योन्यम् (anyonyam) - each other, mutually

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anyonya

anyonya - each other, mutual

Compound of anya (other) and anya (other)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anya+anya)

• anya – other, another
  pronoun (masculine)

Note: functions adverbially or as direct object of nighnantau

परमाहवे (paramāhave) - in the great battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paramāhava

paramāhava - great battle, fierce combat

Compound of parama (supreme, great) and āhava (battle, fight)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+āhava)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest
  adjective (masculine)
• āhava – battle, fight, war
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root hū (to call) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hū (class 3)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विह्वलौ (vihvalau) - agitated, distressed, confused

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vihvala

vihvala - agitated, distressed, confused, bewildered

Note: agrees with tau

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: used in combination with 'ca' to form 'neither...nor'

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: used in combination with 'na' to form 'neither...nor'

श्रान्तौ (śrāntau) - tired, weary, exhausted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted, rested

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śram (to be weary)

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: agrees with tau

बभूवतुः (babhūvatuḥ) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

perfect active

Root bhū (to be) in perfect tense, 3rd person dual

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: main verb for tau

अमृषणैः (amṛṣaṇaiḥ) - characterized by their impatience or ferocity during the battle (by the impatient ones, by their impatience/fury, intensely ferocious)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of amṛṣaṇa

amṛṣaṇa - impatient, intolerant, furious, enraged

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) with negative prefix a- and suffix -ana

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛṣaṇa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• mṛṣaṇa – bearing, tolerating, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) + -ana suffix
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

Note: describes a characteristic state of the combatants, implying their ferocity

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