वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-15, verse-23

ततस्तेन दशग्रीवो यक्षेन्द्रेण महात्मना ।
गदयाभिहतो मूर्ध्नि न च स्थानाद्व्यकम्पत ॥२३॥

23. tatastena daśagrīvo yakṣendreṇa mahātmanā ,
gadayābhihato mūrdhni na ca sthānādvyakampata.

23. tataḥ tena daśagrīvaḥ yakṣendreṇa mahātmanā
gadayā abhihataḥ mūrdhni na ca sthānāt vyakampata

23. tataḥ mahātmanā yakṣendreṇa tena daśagrīvaḥ
gadayā mūrdhni abhihataḥ ca sthānāt na vyakampata

23. Then, the great-souled lord of Yakṣas struck Daśagrīva on the head with a mace, yet he did not tremble from his spot.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• तेन (tena) - by the lord of Yakṣas (by him, by that)

• दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

• यक्षेन्द्रेण (yakṣendreṇa) - by Kubera, the king of Yakṣas (by the lord of Yakṣas)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Yakṣendra (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

• गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

• अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit

• मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्थानात् (sthānāt) - from his place, from the position

• व्यकम्पत (vyakampata) - he trembled, he moved

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by the lord of Yakṣas (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: masculine or neuter singular instrumental of 'tad', refers to the Yakṣendra

दशग्रीवः (daśagrīvaḥ) - Daśagrīva (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - ten-necked, Daśagrīva (an epithet for Rāvaṇa)

Compound of daśa (ten) and grīva (neck)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (feminine)

Note: refers to Rāvaṇa, who is the object of the hitting, but in this passive construction, he is the nominative subject

यक्षेन्द्रेण (yakṣendreṇa) - by Kubera, the king of Yakṣas (by the lord of Yakṣas)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yakṣendra

yakṣendra - lord of Yakṣas

Compound of yakṣa (Yakṣa, a class of demigods) and indra (lord, chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yakṣa+indra)

• yakṣa – Yakṣa (a class of demigods, attendants of Kubera)
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the king of gods)
  noun (masculine)

Note: refers to Kubera, the god of wealth and king of Yakṣas

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled Yakṣendra (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul, self)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – soul, self, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: agrees with yakṣendreṇa

गदया (gadayā) - with a mace

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gadā

gadā - mace, club

अभिहतः (abhihataḥ) - struck, hit

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhihata

abhihata - struck, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike/kill) with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: han (class 2)

Note: agrees with daśagrīvaḥ

मूर्ध्नि (mūrdhni) - on the head

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of mūrdhan

mūrdhan - head, top, summit

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: connects the two clauses

स्थानात् (sthānāt) - from his place, from the position

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, stand, state

Derived from root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

व्यकम्पत (vyakampata) - he trembled, he moved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of vikamp

imperfect active/middle

Root kamp (to tremble) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: refers to Daśagrīva