वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-92, verse-30

सूतस्तु रथनेतास्य तदवस्थं निरीक्ष्य तम् ।
शनैर्युद्धादसंभान्तो रथं तस्यापवाहयत् ॥३०॥

30. sūtastu rathanetāsya tadavasthaṃ nirīkṣya tam ,
śanairyuddhādasaṃbhānto rathaṃ tasyāpavāhayat.

30. sūtaḥ tu rathanetā asya tadavastham nirīkṣya tam
śanaiḥ yuddhāt asaṃbhrāntaḥ ratham tasya apavāhayat

30. tu asya rathanetā sūtaḥ tadavastham tam nirīkṣya
asaṃbhrāntaḥ śanaiḥ yuddhāt tasya ratham apavāhayat

30. But his charioteer, seeing him in that state, calmly and slowly drove his chariot away from the battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer, driver

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• रथनेता (rathanetā) - charioteer, leader of the chariot

• अस्य (asya) - his, of him

• तदवस्थम् (tadavastham) - in that state, in that condition

• निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually, gently

• युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from combat

• असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - undisturbed, unbewildered, composed

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अपवाहयत् (apavāhayat) - he drove away, he removed

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - charioteer, driver

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, driver, bard, genealogist

From root 'sū' (to impel, to bring forth).

Root: sū (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Adversative particle.

रथनेता (rathanetā) - charioteer, leader of the chariot

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathanetṛ

rathanetṛ - charioteer, leader of the chariot

Compound of 'ratha' (chariot) and 'netṛ' (leader).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+netṛ)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• netṛ – leader, guide
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'nī' (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

अस्य (asya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of 'idam'.

तदवस्थम् (tadavastham) - in that state, in that condition

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tadavastha

tadavastha - being in that state/condition

Compound of 'tad' (that) and 'avasthā' (state, condition).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tad+avasthā)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• avasthā – state, condition, situation
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ava
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tam' (Rāvaṇa).

निरीक्ष्य (nirīkṣya) - having seen, perceiving, observing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefixes 'nis-' and 'ī-'.

Prefixes: nis+ī

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Accusative singular masculine of 'tad'.

Note: Object of 'nirīkṣya'.

शनैः (śanaiḥ) - slowly, gradually, gently

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

युद्धात् (yuddhāt) - from battle, from combat

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, combat

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Denotes separation.

असंभ्रान्तः (asaṁbhrāntaḥ) - undisturbed, unbewildered, composed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asaṃbhrānta

asaṁbhrānta - undisturbed, calm, composed, not bewildered

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Negative compound of 'a-' and 'saṃbhrānta' (bewildered, agitated). 'saṃbhrānta' is P.P.P. from 'sam-bhram' (to be confused, agitated).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+saṃbhrānta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• saṃbhrānta – bewildered, agitated, confused
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhram' (to wander, to be confused) with prefix 'sam-' (together, completely).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'sūtaḥ'.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root 'ram' (to delight, stop, move).

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'apavāhayat'.

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of 'tad'.

Note: Possessive for 'ratham'.

अपवाहयत् (apavāhayat) - he drove away, he removed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of apa-vah

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular, causative.

Causative of root 'vah' (to carry) with prefix 'apa-' (away).

Prefix: apa

Root: vah (class 1)

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