वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-92, verse-1

स तु तेन तदा क्रोधात् काकुत्स्थेनार्दितो रणे ।
रावणः समरश्लाघी महाक्रोधमुपागमत् ॥१॥

1. sa tu tena tadā krodhāt kākutsthenārdito raṇe ,
rāvaṇaḥ samaraślāghī mahākrodhamupāgamat.

1. saḥ tu tena tadā krodhāt kākutsthena arditaḥ
raṇe rāvaṇaḥ samara-ślāghī mahā-krodham upāgamat

1. tu saḥ rāvaṇaḥ samara-ślāghī tadā kākutsthena
raṇe arditaḥ krodhāt mahā-krodham upāgamat

1. But Ravana, boastful in battle, being tormented by Kakutstha (Rama) in that conflict, then became filled with great anger (mahākrodha) out of wrath.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Kakutstha/Rama) (by him, by that)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, due to anger)

• काकुत्स्थेन (kākutsthena) - by Kakutstha (Rama) (by Kakutstha (a descendant of Kakutstha, referring to Rama))

• अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - tormented (tormented, afflicted, harassed)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

• समर-श्लाघी (samara-ślāghī) - boastful in battle (boastful in battle, one who prides himself in war)

• महा-क्रोधम् (mahā-krodham) - great anger

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - became filled with (anger) (approached, reached, obtained, became filled with)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Ravana) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ravana.

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunctive particle.

तेन (tena) - by him (Kakutstha/Rama) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Kakutstha (Rama).

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

क्रोधात् (krodhāt) - out of anger (from anger, due to anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath

Note: Indicates cause.

काकुत्स्थेन (kākutsthena) - by Kakutstha (Rama) (by Kakutstha (a descendant of Kakutstha, referring to Rama))

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, Rama

Patronymic derived from Kakutstha

Note: Agent of the action 'arditaḥ'.

अर्दितः (arditaḥ) - tormented (tormented, afflicted, harassed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ardita

ardita - tormented, afflicted, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root √ard 'to pain, afflict'

Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Ravana.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, conflict

Note: Indicates location of the action.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Lanka)

Note: Subject of the main verb 'upāgamat'.

समर-श्लाघी (samara-ślāghī) - boastful in battle (boastful in battle, one who prides himself in war)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samara-ślāghin

samara-ślāghin - boastful in battle

Tatpurusha compound; from samara 'battle' and ślāghin 'boasting'

Compound type : tatpurusha (samara+ślāghin)

• samara – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• ślāghin – boastful, praising oneself
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root ślāgh- 'to boast'
  Root: ślāgh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Ravana.

महा-क्रोधम् (mahā-krodham) - great anger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahā-krodha

mahā-krodha - great anger

Karmadharaya compound

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahā+krodha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'upāgamat'.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - became filled with (anger) (approached, reached, obtained, became filled with)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect tense (Laṅ), 3rd person singular

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)