वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-90, verse-25

विषेदुर्देवगन्धर्वा दानवाश्चारणैः सह ।
राममार्तं तदा दृष्ट्वा सिद्धाश्च परमर्षयः ॥२५॥

25. viṣedurdevagandharvā dānavāścāraṇaiḥ saha ,
rāmamārtaṃ tadā dṛṣṭvā siddhāśca paramarṣayaḥ.

25. viṣeduḥ devagandharvāḥ dānavāḥ cāraṇaiḥ saha
rāmam ārtam tadā dṛṣṭvā siddhāḥ ca paramarṣayaḥ

25. Then, having seen Rama afflicted, the gods and gandharvas, the dānavas along with the cāraṇas, and the siddhas and great sages became dejected.

Words meanings summery:

• विषेदुः (viṣeduḥ) - they despaired, they became dejected, they became sad

• देवगन्धर्वाः (devagandharvāḥ) - gods and gandharvas

• दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - dānavas (a class of demons)

• चारणैः (cāraṇaiḥ) - with cāraṇas (celestial bards)

• सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - afflicted (Rama) (distressed, afflicted, wounded, suffering)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - siddhas (celestial beings, perfected ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

Words meanings and morphology

विषेदुः (viṣeduḥ) - they despaired, they became dejected, they became sad

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect past (liṭ) of vi-sad

Perfect tense form (Liṭ). Root sad with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

देवगन्धर्वाः (devagandharvāḥ) - gods and gandharvas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagandharva

devagandharva - gods and gandharvas (celestial musicians)

deva (god) + gandharva (celestial musician)

Compound type : dvandva (deva+gandharva)

• deva – god, deity, celestial being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div
• gandharva – gandharva (a class of celestial musicians)
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the subjects.

दानवाः (dānavāḥ) - dānavas (a class of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dānava

dānava - dānava (a class of demons, sons of Danu)

Derived from Danu (mother of a class of demons).

Note: One of the subjects.

चारणैः (cāraṇaiḥ) - with cāraṇas (celestial bards)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cāraṇa

cāraṇa - cāraṇa (a class of celestial beings, bards, wanderers)

From root car (to move, wander).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used with saha.

सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs cāraṇaiḥ.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, an incarnation of Vishnu)

Root: ram

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

आर्तम् (ārtam) - afflicted (Rama) (distressed, afflicted, wounded, suffering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, pained, suffering, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root ṛ (to go) with prefix ā, or ṛt (to distress).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rāmam.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

absolutivizer (gerund)

From root dṛś with tvā suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb viṣeduḥ.

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - siddhas (celestial beings, perfected ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, successful; a class of semi-divine beings (siddhas)

Past Passive Participle

From root sidh

Root: sidh (class 4)

Note: One of the subjects.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects siddhāḥ and paramarṣayaḥ.

परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme rishi

parama (supreme, great) + ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, greatest
  adjective
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣ

Note: One of the subjects.