वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-90, verse-23

ततः शरसहस्रेण राममक्लिष्टकारिणम् ।
अर्दयित्वा शरौघेण मातलिं प्रत्यविध्यत ॥२३॥

23. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa rāmamakliṣṭakāriṇam ,
ardayitvā śaraugheṇa mātaliṃ pratyavidhyata.

23. tataḥ śarasahasreṇa rāmam akliṣṭakāriṇam
ardayitvā śaraugheṇa mātaliṃ pratyavidhyata

23. Then, after tormenting the tireless Rama with a thousand arrows, he pierced Matali in return with a volley of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

• शरसहस्रेण (śarasahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

• अक्लिष्टकारिणम् (akliṣṭakāriṇam) - the tireless Rama (the one who acts effortlessly, tireless doer)

• अर्दयित्वा (ardayitvā) - having tormented, having afflicted, having wounded

• शरौघेण (śaraugheṇa) - with a multitude of arrows, with a volley of arrows

• मातलिं (mātaliṁ) - Matali, Indra's charioteer (Matali (accusative))

• प्रत्यविध्यत (pratyavidhyata) - he pierced in return, he struck back

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from there)

(indeclinable)

शरसहस्रेण (śarasahasreṇa) - with a thousand arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śarasahasra

śarasahasra - a thousand arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+sahasra)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Means of action for ardayitvā.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, an incarnation of Vishnu)

Root: ram

Note: Object of ardayitvā.

अक्लिष्टकारिणम् (akliṣṭakāriṇam) - the tireless Rama (the one who acts effortlessly, tireless doer)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akliṣṭakārin

akliṣṭakārin - one who acts without effort, tireless, unwearied worker

agent noun / adjective

Derived from a (not) + kliṣṭa (troubled, wearied) + kārin (doer).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kliṣṭa+kārin)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• kliṣṭa – wearied, troubled, distressed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kliś
  Root: kliś (class 9)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  Derived from root kṛ with suffix -in
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies rāmam.

अर्दयित्वा (ardayitvā) - having tormented, having afflicted, having wounded

(indeclinable)

absolutivizer (gerund)

From causative stem ardi + tvā suffix. ard is class 10 (or causative of other roots).

Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

शरौघेण (śaraugheṇa) - with a multitude of arrows, with a volley of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śaraugha

śaraugha - shower of arrows, multitude of arrows, volley of arrows

śara (arrow) + ogha (multitude)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+ogha)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ
• ogha – stream, flood, multitude, heap
  noun (masculine)

Note: Means of action for pratyavidhyata.

मातलिं (mātaliṁ) - Matali, Indra's charioteer (Matali (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mātali

mātali - Matali (name of Indra's charioteer)

Note: Object of pratyavidhyata.

प्रत्यविध्यत (pratyavidhyata) - he pierced in return, he struck back

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of prati-vyadh

Imperfect past of vyadh (to pierce, strike) with prati (back, against, in return).

Prefix: prati

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: The ta ending here implies ātmanepada.