वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-42, verse-20

के चिद्विनिहता भूमौ रुधिरार्द्रा वनौकसः ।
के चिद्विद्राविता नष्टाः संक्रुद्धै राक्षसैर्युधि ॥२०॥

20. ke cidvinihatā bhūmau rudhirārdrā vanaukasaḥ ,
ke cidvidrāvitā naṣṭāḥ saṃkruddhai rākṣasairyudhi.

20. ke cit vinihatāḥ bhūmau rudhirārdrāḥ vanaukasaḥ ke
cit vidrāvitāḥ naṣṭāḥ saṃkruddhaiḥ rākṣasaiḥ yudhi

20. ke cit rudhirārdrāḥ vanaukasaḥ
bhūmau vinihatāḥ (āsan); ke cit
(vanaukasaḥ) yudhi saṃkruddhaiḥ
rākṣasaiḥ vidrāvitāḥ naṣṭāḥ (ca āsan)

20. Some forest-dwelling monkeys lay killed on the ground, soaked in blood. Others were chased away and fled in battle by the infuriated rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - some (monkeys) (who, which, some)

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

• विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - completely killed, utterly struck down

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• रुधिरार्द्राः (rudhirārdrāḥ) - soaked in blood, blood-wet

• वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers (referring to monkeys)

• के (ke) - some (monkeys) (who, which, some)

• चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

• विद्राविताः (vidrāvitāḥ) - put to flight, chased away

• नष्टाः (naṣṭāḥ) - fled, vanished, destroyed

• संक्रुद्धैः (saṁkruddhaiḥ) - by the infuriated, by the extremely angry

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas, by demons

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - some (monkeys) (who, which, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, what, which

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

(indeclinable)

विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - completely killed, utterly struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinihata

vinihata - completely struck, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ni'.

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'vanaukasaḥ'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

रुधिरार्द्राः (rudhirārdrāḥ) - soaked in blood, blood-wet

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rudhirārdra

rudhirārdra - blood-soaked, wet with blood

Compound of 'rudhira' (blood) and 'ārdra' (wet, moist).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rudhira+ārdra)

• rudhira – blood, red
  noun (neuter)
• ārdra – wet, moist, damp
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vanaukasaḥ'.

वनौकसः (vanaukasaḥ) - forest-dwellers (referring to monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, an inhabitant of the woods (often used for monkeys)

Compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'okas' (dwelling, abode).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, house
  noun (neuter)

के (ke) - some (monkeys) (who, which, some)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ka

ka - who, what, which

चित् (cit) - particle indicating indefiniteness, some, any

(indeclinable)

विद्राविताः (vidrāvitāḥ) - put to flight, chased away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidrāvita

vidrāvita - put to flight, scattered, dispersed (causative of 'vi-dru')

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative stem of verb root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'ke cit vanaukasaḥ'.

नष्टाः (naṣṭāḥ) - fled, vanished, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭa

naṣṭa - lost, destroyed, perished, vanished, fled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'naś' (to perish, disappear).

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with implied 'ke cit vanaukasaḥ'.

संक्रुद्धैः (saṁkruddhaiḥ) - by the infuriated, by the extremely angry

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of saṃkruddha

saṁkruddha - enraged, highly incensed, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'krudh' (to be angry) with prefix 'sam'.

Prefix: sam

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasaiḥ'.

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas, by demons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - a demon, an evil being

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, combat, war

Root: yudh (class 4)

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