वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-42, verse-17

सन्यं तु विद्रुतं दृष्ट्वा धूम्राक्षो राक्षसर्षभः ।
क्रोधेन कदनं चक्रे वानराणां युयुत्सताम् ॥१७॥

17. sanyaṃ tu vidrutaṃ dṛṣṭvā dhūmrākṣo rākṣasarṣabhaḥ ,
krodhena kadanaṃ cakre vānarāṇāṃ yuyutsatām.

17. sanyam tu vidrutam dṛṣṭvā dhūmrākṣaḥ rākṣasarṣabhaḥ
krodhena kadanam cakre vānarāṇām yuyutsatām

17. dhūmrākṣaḥ rākṣasarṣabhaḥ tu sanyam vidrutam
dṛṣṭvā krodhena yuyutsatām vānarāṇām kadanam cakre

17. But seeing his army routed, Dhūmrākṣa, the chief of the rākṣasas, angrily wrought havoc upon the monkeys who were eager to fight.

Words meanings summery:

• सन्यम् (sanyam) - his (Dhūmrākṣa's) army (army, host)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - routed (army) (routed, fled, scattered)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• धूम्राक्षः (dhūmrākṣaḥ) - the demon general Dhūmrākṣa (Dhūmrākṣa (a proper name, lit. 'smoky-eyed'))

• राक्षसर्षभः (rākṣasarṣabhaḥ) - chief of rākṣasas, best among rākṣasas

• क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by anger, with anger, due to anger

• कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter, destruction, havoc

• चक्रे (cakre) - he wrought (havoc) (he made, he did, he performed)

• वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of the monkeys

• युयुत्सताम् (yuyutsatām) - of those wishing to fight, of those desirous of fighting

Words meanings and morphology

सन्यम् (sanyam) - his (Dhūmrākṣa's) army (army, host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - belonging to an army, army, host, military force

Derived from 'senā' (army) + 'ya' suffix.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

विद्रुतम् (vidrutam) - routed (army) (routed, fled, scattered)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidruta

vidruta - fled, routed, scattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root 'dru' (to run) with prefix 'vi' (away, apart).

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sanyam'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from the verb root 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धूम्राक्षः (dhūmrākṣaḥ) - the demon general Dhūmrākṣa (Dhūmrākṣa (a proper name, lit. 'smoky-eyed'))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhūmrākṣa

dhūmrākṣa - smoky-eyed; name of a rākṣasa

Compound of 'dhūmra' (smoky) and 'akṣa' (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhūmra+akṣa)

• dhūmra – smoke, smoky, dark gray
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye, axis, die
  noun (neuter)

राक्षसर्षभः (rākṣasarṣabhaḥ) - chief of rākṣasas, best among rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasarṣabha

rākṣasarṣabha - chief of rākṣasas

Compound of 'rākṣasa' (demon) and 'ṛṣabha' (bull, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+ṛṣabha)

• rākṣasa – a demon, a rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, preeminent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Apposition to 'Dhūmrākṣaḥ'.

क्रोधेन (krodhena) - by anger, with anger, due to anger

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of krodha

krodha - anger, wrath, rage

Derived from verb root 'krudh' (to be angry).

Root: krudh (class 4)

कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter, destruction, havoc

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - killing, slaughter, havoc, destruction

From verb root 'kad' (to slay).

Root: kad (class 10)

चक्रे (cakre) - he wrought (havoc) (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of kṛ

Perfect

3rd person singular, Middle Voice, Perfect tense (Liṭ lakāra).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of the monkeys

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape; belonging to a forest

युयुत्सताम् (yuyutsatām) - of those wishing to fight, of those desirous of fighting

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yuyutsat

yuyutsat - desirous of fighting, wishing to fight

Present Active Participle (desiderative)

Derived from the desiderative stem 'yuyutsu' of verb root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'vānarāṇām'.