वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-42, verse-12

ध्वजैर्विमथितैर्भग्नैः खरैश्च विनिपातितैः ।
रथैर्विध्वंसितैश्चापि पतितै रजनीचरैः ॥१२॥

12. dhvajairvimathitairbhagnaiḥ kharaiśca vinipātitaiḥ ,
rathairvidhvaṃsitaiścāpi patitai rajanīcaraiḥ.

12. dhvajaiḥ vimathitaiḥ bhagnaiḥ kharaiḥ ca vinipātitaiḥ
rathaiḥ vidhvaṃsitaiḥ ca api patitaiḥ rajanīcaraiḥ

12. vimathitaiḥ bhagnaiḥ dhvajaiḥ ca vinipātitaiḥ kharaiḥ
ca vidhvaṃsitaiḥ rathaiḥ api patitaiḥ rajanīcaraiḥ

12. The ground was strewn with crushed and broken banners, with donkeys felled, with chariots utterly destroyed, and indeed, with fallen night-roaming demons (rajanīcaras) themselves.

Words meanings summery:

• ध्वजैः (dhvajaiḥ) - with banners (by banners, with flags)

• विमथितैः (vimathitaiḥ) - crushed (by those crushed, by those shattered)

• भग्नैः (bhagnaiḥ) - broken (by those broken, by those defeated)

• खरैः (kharaiḥ) - with donkeys (by donkeys, by mules)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विनिपातितैः (vinipātitaiḥ) - felled (by those felled, by those thrown down)

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots (by chariots)

• विध्वंसितैः (vidhvaṁsitaiḥ) - utterly destroyed (by those destroyed, by those shattered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, indeed)

• पतितैः (patitaiḥ) - with fallen (by fallen ones, by those who have fallen)

• रजनीचरैः (rajanīcaraiḥ) - by night-roaming demons (rajanīcaras) (by night-wanderers, by demons)

Words meanings and morphology

ध्वजैः (dhvajaiḥ) - with banners (by banners, with flags)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Note: These objects are in a crushed and broken state.

विमथितैः (vimathitaiḥ) - crushed (by those crushed, by those shattered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vimathita

vimathita - crushed, shattered, agitated, broken

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vi-math 'to churn, to crush' + kta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'dhvajaiḥ'.

भग्नैः (bhagnaiḥ) - broken (by those broken, by those defeated)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhagna

bhagna - broken, shattered, defeated, frustrated

Past Passive Particple

Derived from root bhañj 'to break' + kta suffix

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'dhvajaiḥ'.

खरैः (kharaiḥ) - with donkeys (by donkeys, by mules)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of khara

khara - donkey, mule, sharp, hard

Note: These donkeys are in a felled state.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in the list.

विनिपातितैः (vinipātitaiḥ) - felled (by those felled, by those thrown down)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vinipātita

vinipātita - thrown down, felled, caused to fall, killed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from root vi-ni-pat (causative) 'to cause to fall' + kta suffix

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kharaiḥ'.

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - with chariots (by chariots)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: These chariots are in a destroyed state.

विध्वंसितैः (vidhvaṁsitaiḥ) - utterly destroyed (by those destroyed, by those shattered)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vidhvaṃsita

vidhvaṁsita - destroyed, shattered, ruined

Past Passive Participle (causative)

Derived from root vi-dhvaṃs (causative) 'to cause to perish' + kta suffix

Prefix: vi

Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rathaiḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects items in the list.

अपि (api) - indeed (also, even, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adds emphasis to the final item.

पतितैः (patitaiḥ) - with fallen (by fallen ones, by those who have fallen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of patita

patita - fallen, degraded, dropped, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat 'to fall' + kta suffix

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rajanīcaraiḥ'.

रजनीचरैः (rajanīcaraiḥ) - by night-roaming demons (rajanīcaras) (by night-wanderers, by demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rajanīcara

rajanīcara - night-wanderer, demon, rākṣasa

Compound of rajanī (night) and cara (moving)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rajanī+cara)

• rajanī – night
  noun (feminine)
• cara – moving, wandering, follower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root car 'to move' + a suffix
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Refers to the rākṣasas.

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