वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-39, verse-18

इष्टबन्धुजनो नित्यं मां च नित्यमनुव्रतः ।
इमामद्य गतो ऽवस्थां ममानार्यस्य दुर्नयैः ॥१८॥

18. iṣṭabandhujano nityaṃ māṃ ca nityamanuvrataḥ ,
imāmadya gato'vasthāṃ mamānāryasya durnayaiḥ.

18. iṣṭa-bandhu-janaḥ nityam mām ca nityam anuvrataḥ
imām adya gataḥ avasthām mama anāryasya durnayaiḥ

18. iṣṭa-bandhu-janaḥ,
nityam mām ca nityam anuvrataḥ,
adya mama anāryasya durnayaiḥ imām avasthām gataḥ.

18. My beloved kinsman, who was always devoted to me, has today reached this state due to my ignoble misdeeds.

Words meanings summery:

• इष्ट-बन्धु-जनः (iṣṭa-bandhu-janaḥ) - beloved kinsman, dear relative

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

• च (ca) - and, also

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly

• अनुव्रतः (anuvrataḥ) - always devoted to me (devoted, obedient, following)

• इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• गतः (gataḥ) - has reached (gone, reached, attained)

• अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - this condition (of suffering/death) (state, condition)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• अनार्यस्य (anāryasya) - of the ignoble, of the ignoble one

• दुर्नयैः (durnayaiḥ) - by misdeeds, by evil policies/conduct

Words meanings and morphology

इष्ट-बन्धु-जनः (iṣṭa-bandhu-janaḥ) - beloved kinsman, dear relative

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭabandhujana

iṣṭabandhujana - beloved kinsman, dear relative

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣṭa+bandhu+jana)

• iṣṭa – desired, beloved, cherished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √iṣ (to wish, desire)
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• bandhu – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'gataḥ'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

Note: Adverbial form.

माम् (mām) - me (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person pronoun

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'iṣṭabandhujanaḥ' with the following clause or emphasizes 'mām'.

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

Note: Adverbial form.

अनुव्रतः (anuvrataḥ) - always devoted to me (devoted, obedient, following)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuvrata

anuvrata - devoted, obedient, follower, practicing

From anu- + vrata (vow, practice)

इमाम् (imām) - this (feminine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this

Demonstrative pronoun

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

गतः (gataḥ) - has reached (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'iṣṭabandhujanaḥ'.

अवस्थाम् (avasthām) - this condition (of suffering/death) (state, condition)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthā

avasthā - state, condition, situation

From ava- + √sthā (to stand)

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

1st person genitive singular

अनार्यस्य (anāryasya) - of the ignoble, of the ignoble one

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anārya

anārya - ignoble, unworthy, not noble

Negative prefix 'an-' + ārya

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ārya)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
  Negative prefix
• ārya – noble, respectable, worthy
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies "mama" implicitly or refers to the speaker.

दुर्नयैः (durnayaiḥ) - by misdeeds, by evil policies/conduct

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durnaya

durnaya - bad conduct, misdeed, evil policy, imprudence

From dur- (bad) + naya (conduct, policy)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+naya)

• dur – bad, evil, difficult
  prefix
• naya – conduct, policy, leading, justice
  noun (masculine)
  From root √nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause (by means of).

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