वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-39, verse-10

कथं वक्ष्यामि शत्रुघ्नं भरतं च यशस्विनम् ।
मया सह वनं यातो विना तेनागतः पुनः ॥१०॥

10. kathaṃ vakṣyāmi śatrughnaṃ bharataṃ ca yaśasvinam ,
mayā saha vanaṃ yāto vinā tenāgataḥ punaḥ.

10. katham vakṣyāmi śatrughnam bharatam ca yaśasvinam
mayā saha vanam yātaḥ vinā tena āgataḥ punaḥ

10. katham śatrughnam yaśasvinam bharatam ca vakṣyāmi:
mayā saha vanam yātaḥ tena vinā punaḥ āgataḥ

10. How shall I tell Śatrughna and the glorious Bharata: "He went to the forest with me, but I have returned without him"?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will say

• शत्रुघ्नम् (śatrughnam) - to Śatrughna

• भरतम् (bharatam) - to Bharata

• च (ca) - and

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, renowned

• मया (mayā) - by me, with me

• सह (saha) - with, together with

• वनम् (vanam) - forest

• यातः (yātaḥ) - he went (gone, having gone)

• विना (vinā) - without

• तेन (tena) - without Lakṣmaṇa (by him, without him)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - I have returned (arrived, returned)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will say

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense, 1st person singular, Parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

शत्रुघ्नम् (śatrughnam) - to Śatrughna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatrughna

śatrughna - Śatrughna (name of one of Rama's brothers, 'slayer of enemies')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+ghna)

• śatru – enemy
  noun (masculine)
• ghna – killer, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  derived from root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

भरतम् (bharatam) - to Bharata

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of one of Rama's brothers)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious, renowned

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - glorious, famous, renowned, celebrated

derived from yaśas (glory) + -vin (possessive suffix)

Note: modifies 'Bharatam'

मया (mayā) - by me, with me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

सह (saha) - with, together with

(indeclinable)

वनम् (vanam) - forest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: destination of motion

यातः (yātaḥ) - he went (gone, having gone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, departed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Lakṣmaṇa (implied subject)

विना (vinā) - without

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - without Lakṣmaṇa (by him, without him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: refers to Lakṣmaṇa. Instrumental with vinā.

आगतः (āgataḥ) - I have returned (arrived, returned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - come, arrived, returned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix ā (towards)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the speaker, Lakṣmaṇa.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back

(indeclinable)