वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-31

रामेण हि प्रतिज्ञातं हर्यृक्षगणसंनिधौ ।
उत्सादनममित्राणां सीता यैस्तु प्रधर्षिता ॥३१॥

31. rāmeṇa hi pratijñātaṃ haryṛkṣagaṇasaṃnidhau ,
utsādanamamitrāṇāṃ sītā yaistu pradharṣitā.

31. rāmeṇa hi pratijñātam haryṛkṣagaṇasaṃnidhau
utsādanam amitrāṇām sītā yaiḥ tu pradharṣitā

31. rāmeṇa hi haryṛkṣagaṇasaṃnidhau yaiḥ tu sītā pradharṣitā,
amitrāṇām utsādanam pratijñātam

31. Indeed, it was vowed by Rāma in the presence of the hosts of monkeys and bears: the destruction of those enemies by whom Sītā was violated.

Words meanings summery:

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - vowed, pledged, promised

• हर्यृक्षगणसंनिधौ (haryṛkṣagaṇasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of the hosts of monkeys and bears

• उत्सादनम् (utsādanam) - destruction, annihilation

• अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of the enemies

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā (proper noun)

• यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (plural)

• तु (tu) - here it acts more as an emphatic particle (but, indeed, however)

• प्रधर्षिता (pradharṣitā) - violated, assaulted, outraged

Words meanings and morphology

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rāma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper noun, central figure of Ramayana)

Note: Agent of the passive verb `pratijñātam`.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing emphasis or cause.

प्रतिज्ञातम् (pratijñātam) - vowed, pledged, promised

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pratijñāta

pratijñāta - vowed, pledged, promised, acknowledged

Past Passive Participle

From √jñā (9P) with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Acts as a verb in a passive construction (it was pledged).

हर्यृक्षगणसंनिधौ (haryṛkṣagaṇasaṁnidhau) - in the presence of the hosts of monkeys and bears

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of haryṛkṣagaṇasaṃnidhi

haryṛkṣagaṇasaṁnidhi - in the presence or assembly of monkeys and bears (hari = monkey, ṛkṣa = bear, gaṇa = host/multitude, saṃnidhi = presence)

Tatpuruṣa compound of `haryṛkṣagaṇa` and `saṃnidhi`. `hari` + `ṛkṣa` -> `haryṛkṣa` by internal sandhi.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+ṛkṣa+gaṇa+saṃnidhi)

• hari – monkey
  noun (masculine)
• ṛkṣa – bear
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude
  noun (masculine)
• saṃnidhi – presence, proximity, assembly
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhā with prefixes sam- and ni-.
  Prefixes: sam+ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)

उत्सादनम् (utsādanam) - destruction, annihilation

(noun)

neuter, singular of utsādana

utsādana - causing to perish, destruction, extirpation

Verbal noun (from causative of √sad)

From √sad (1P) with prefix ut- and causative suffix -āy (which becomes -ana).

Prefix: ut

Root: sad (class 1)

अमित्राणाम् (amitrāṇām) - of the enemies

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe (lit. "not-friend")

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: `a` (not) + `mitra` (friend).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mitra – friend, ally
  noun (masculine)

सीता (sītā) - Sītā (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (proper noun, name of Rāma's wife)

Note: Subject of the clause "by whom Sītā was violated".

यैः (yaiḥ) - by whom (plural)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun, masculine instrumental plural.

तु (tu) - here it acts more as an emphatic particle (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/emphatic particle.

प्रधर्षिता (pradharṣitā) - violated, assaulted, outraged

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pradharṣita

pradharṣita - violated, assaulted, outraged, insulted

Past Passive Participle

From √dhṛṣ (5P) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)