वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-26

मानुषो राघवो राजन् सुग्रीवश्च हरीश्वरः ।
तस्मात् प्राणपरित्राणं कथं राजन् करिष्यसि ॥२६॥

26. mānuṣo rāghavo rājan sugrīvaśca harīśvaraḥ ,
tasmāt prāṇaparitrāṇaṃ kathaṃ rājan kariṣyasi.

26. mānuṣaḥ rāghavaḥ rājan sugrīvaḥ ca harīśvaraḥ
tasmāt prāṇa-paritrāṇam katham rājan kariṣyasi

26. O King, Rāghava is a human, and Sugrīva is the lord of monkeys. Therefore, O King, how will you achieve the protection of your life (prāṇa-paritrāṇa)?

Words meanings summery:

• मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - Referring to Rāghava (Rama) as a human being, a category from which Rāvaṇa sought no invincibility. (human, man)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Lord Rama, the central figure of the epic Rāmāyaṇa, who is a human. (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, name of Rama))

• राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Rāvaṇa, the demon king of Lanka. (O King!)

• सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - The king of the vānaras (monkeys), an ally of Rama, identifying him as the 'lord of monkeys'. (Sugrīva (name of the monkey king))

• च (ca) - Connects the statements about Rāghava and Sugrīva. (and, also)

• हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - Epithet for Sugrīva, indicating his status as king of the Vānaras (monkeys), a species from which Rāvaṇa sought no protection. (lord of monkeys, chief of monkeys)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concludes that given the identities of Rāghava and Sugrīva, Rāvaṇa's invincibility is compromised. (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• प्राण-परित्राणम् (prāṇa-paritrāṇam) - The act of ensuring one's own survival against the impending threat. (protection of life, saving of life)

• कथम् (katham) - Expresses a rhetorical question, implying 'it will not be possible' for Rāvaṇa to save his life. (how, in what manner)

• राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Rāvaṇa, emphasizing the warning. (O King!)

• करिष्यसि (kariṣyasi) - You will achieve or accomplish (the protection of your life). (you will do, you will make)

Words meanings and morphology

मानुषः (mānuṣaḥ) - Referring to Rāghava (Rama) as a human being, a category from which Rāvaṇa sought no invincibility. (human, man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, pertaining to man, mortal

From `manu` (man) + `ṣa` suffix.

Root: man

Note: Predicate nominative for Rāghava.

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Lord Rama, the central figure of the epic Rāmāyaṇa, who is a human. (Rāghava (descendant of Raghu, name of Rama))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rama

Patronymic from Raghu + `aṇ` suffix.

राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Rāvaṇa, the demon king of Lanka. (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root `rāj` (to shine, rule) + `an` suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appears twice in the verse.

सुग्रीवः (sugrīvaḥ) - The king of the vānaras (monkeys), an ally of Rama, identifying him as the 'lord of monkeys'. (Sugrīva (name of the monkey king))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - good-necked, Sugrīva (proper noun)

Compound 'su' (good) + 'grīva' (neck).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+grīva)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence.
• grīva – neck
  noun (feminine)

च (ca) - Connects the statements about Rāghava and Sugrīva. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

हरीश्वरः (harīśvaraḥ) - Epithet for Sugrīva, indicating his status as king of the Vānaras (monkeys), a species from which Rāvaṇa sought no protection. (lord of monkeys, chief of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harīśvara

harīśvara - lord of monkeys, monkey king

Tatpuruṣa compound: `hari` (monkey) + `īśvara` (lord).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+īśvara)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, controller
  noun (masculine)
  From root `īś` (to rule, to be master).
  Root: īś (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for Sugrīva.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Concludes that given the identities of Rāghava and Sugrīva, Rāvaṇa's invincibility is compromised. (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun used in ablative as an adverb.

प्राण-परित्राणम् (prāṇa-paritrāṇam) - The act of ensuring one's own survival against the impending threat. (protection of life, saving of life)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prāṇa-paritrāṇa

prāṇa-paritrāṇa - preservation of life, protection of breath/life

Tatpuruṣa compound: `prāṇa` (life) + `paritrāṇa` (protection).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+paritrāṇa)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)
  From `pra` + root `an` (to breathe).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• paritrāṇa – protection, defense, deliverance
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun
  From `pari` + root `trā` (to protect) + `ana` suffix.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: trā (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - Expresses a rhetorical question, implying 'it will not be possible' for Rāvaṇa to save his life. (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

राजन् (rājan) - Vocative address to Rāvaṇa, emphasizing the warning. (O King!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root `rāj` (to shine, rule) + `an` suffix.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appears twice in the verse.

करिष्यसि (kariṣyasi) - You will achieve or accomplish (the protection of your life). (you will do, you will make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of kṛ

Future indicative

Future form of root `kṛ`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)