वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-23

तपःसंतापलब्धस्ते यो ऽयं धर्मपरिग्रहः ।
न स नाशयितुं न्याय्य आत्मप्राणपरिग्रहः ॥२३॥

23. tapaḥsaṃtāpalabdhaste yo'yaṃ dharmaparigrahaḥ ,
na sa nāśayituṃ nyāyya ātmaprāṇaparigrahaḥ.

23. tapaḥsaṃtāpalabdhaḥ te yaḥ ayam dharmaparigrahaḥ
na saḥ nāśayitum nyāyyaḥ ātmaprāṇaparigrahaḥ

23. This intrinsic nature (dharma), acquired by you through severe penance (tapas), which is like the very preservation of one's self (ātman) and life — it is not proper to destroy that.

Words meanings summery:

• तपःसंतापलब्धः (tapaḥsaṁtāpalabdhaḥ) - obtained by the heat of penance, acquired through severe austerity

• ते (te) - by you (Rāvaṇa) (by you, for you, belonging to you (enclitic dative/genitive of tvam))

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine nominative)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative)

• धर्मपरिग्रहः (dharmaparigrahaḥ) - this intrinsic nature (dharma) (of yours) (acquisition/observance of natural law, adherence to intrinsic nature)

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - that (intrinsic nature) (that, he)

• नाशयितुम् (nāśayitum) - to destroy, to cause to perish

• न्याय्यः (nyāyyaḥ) - proper, just, right, lawful, reasonable

• आत्मप्राणपरिग्रहः (ātmaprāṇaparigrahaḥ) - the very preservation of one's self (ātman) and life (the holding on to one's own self and life, preservation of life)

Words meanings and morphology

तपःसंतापलब्धः (tapaḥsaṁtāpalabdhaḥ) - obtained by the heat of penance, acquired through severe austerity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapaḥsaṃtāpalabdha

tapaḥsaṁtāpalabdha - obtained by the heat of penance, acquired through severe austerity

Past Passive Particacyple

Compound of 'tapas' (penance), 'saṃtāpa' (heat, suffering), and 'labdha' (obtained).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tapas+saṃtāpa+labdha)

• tapas – penance, asceticism, austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
  From root √tap (to heat, suffer).
  Root: tap (class 1)
• saṃtāpa – heat, torment, suffering, asceticism
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'sam-' + root '√tap' (to heat, suffer).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)
• labdha – obtained, gained, acquired
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √labh (to obtain).
  Root: labh (class 1)

ते (te) - by you (Rāvaṇa) (by you, for you, belonging to you (enclitic dative/genitive of tvam))

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvam

tvam - you

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

धर्मपरिग्रहः (dharmaparigrahaḥ) - this intrinsic nature (dharma) (of yours) (acquisition/observance of natural law, adherence to intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaparigraha

dharmaparigraha - acquisition/observance of natural law, adherence to intrinsic nature, maintenance of one's constitution

Compound of 'dharma' and 'parigraha'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+parigraha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• parigraha – taking, seizing, acquisition, possession, acceptance
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'pari-' + root '√grah' (to seize, take).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (intrinsic nature) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'dharmaparigrahaḥ'.

नाशयितुम् (nāśayitum) - to destroy, to cause to perish

(indeclinable)

Infinitive (causal)

From causal of root √naś (to perish, to be lost).

Root: naś (class 4)

न्याय्यः (nyāyyaḥ) - proper, just, right, lawful, reasonable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāyya

nyāyya - proper, just, right, lawful, reasonable

Gerundive (NVA)

From prefix 'ni-' + root '√i' (to go) + suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

आत्मप्राणपरिग्रहः (ātmaprāṇaparigrahaḥ) - the very preservation of one's self (ātman) and life (the holding on to one's own self and life, preservation of life)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaprāṇaparigraha

ātmaprāṇaparigraha - the holding on to one's own self and life, preservation of life

Compound of 'ātman' (self), 'prāṇa' (life-breath), and 'parigraha' (taking, holding).

Compound type : dvandva (ātman+prāṇa+parigraha)

• ātman – self, soul, essence, spirit
  noun (masculine)
• prāṇa – life-breath, vital air, life, spirit
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'pra-' + root '√an' (to breathe).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• parigraha – taking, seizing, acquisition, possession, acceptance
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'pari-' + root '√grah' (to seize, take).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: grah (class 9)