वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-16

न हि धर्मविरुद्धेषु बह्वपायेषु कर्मसु ।
मूलघातिषु सज्जन्ते बुद्धिमन्तो भवद्विधाः ॥१६॥

16. na hi dharmaviruddheṣu bahvapāyeṣu karmasu ,
mūlaghātiṣu sajjante buddhimanto bhavadvidhāḥ.

16. na hi dharma-viruddheṣu bahu-apāyeṣu karmasu
mūla-ghātiṣu sajjante buddhimantaḥ bhavat-vidhāḥ

16. hi bhavat-vidhāḥ buddhimantaḥ dharma-viruddheṣu
bahu-apāyeṣu mūla-ghātiṣu karmasu na sajjante

16. Indeed, intelligent people like you do not engage in actions (karma) that are against (natural) law (dharma), full of many dangers, and destructive to the very root.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• धर्म-विरुद्धेषु (dharma-viruddheṣu) - in those conflicting with (natural) law, in those against (natural) law

• बहु-अपायेषु (bahu-apāyeṣu) - in those with many dangers, in those causing great harm

• कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions, in deeds

• मूल-घातिषु (mūla-ghātiṣu) - in those destructive to the root/foundation

• सज्जन्ते (sajjante) - they engage, they become attached, they cling

• बुद्धिमन्तः (buddhimantaḥ) - intelligent ones, wise people

• भवत्-विधाः (bhavat-vidhāḥ) - those like you, of your kind

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

धर्म-विरुद्धेषु (dharma-viruddheṣu) - in those conflicting with (natural) law, in those against (natural) law

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma-viruddha

dharma-viruddha - conflicting with (natural) law, against (natural) law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+viruddha)

• dharma – (natural) law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 3)
• viruddha – opposed, contrary, obstructed, conflicting
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From `vi-` + `√rudh` (to obstruct, hinder)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: rudh (class 7)

Note: The adjective `dharma-viruddha` modifies `karmasu`.

बहु-अपायेषु (bahu-apāyeṣu) - in those with many dangers, in those causing great harm

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of bahu-apāya

bahu-apāya - full of many dangers, causing great harm

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+apāya)

• bahu – many, much, numerous
  adjective (masculine)
• apāya – departure, loss, destruction, danger, harm
  noun (masculine)
  From `apa-` + `√i` (to go)
  Prefix: apa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: The adjective `bahu-apāya` modifies `karmasu`.

कर्मसु (karmasu) - in actions, in deeds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

From `√kṛ` (to do) + suffix `-man`

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The noun `karma` refers to actions or deeds.

मूल-घातिषु (mūla-ghātiṣu) - in those destructive to the root/foundation

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mūla-ghātin

mūla-ghātin - destroying the root, ruining the foundation, radical destroyer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūla+ghātin)

• mūla – root, basis, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)
• ghātin – striking, killing, destroying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From `√han` (to strike, kill) + suffix `-in`
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: The adjective `mūla-ghātin` modifies `karmasu`.

सज्जन्ते (sajjante) - they engage, they become attached, they cling

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of sajj

present tense

Root `√sañj` (to cling, adhere) in atmanepada form.

Root: sañj (class 1)

बुद्धिमन्तः (buddhimantaḥ) - intelligent ones, wise people

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, discerning

From `buddhi` (intellect) + suffix `-mat` (possessing)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

भवत्-विधाः (bhavat-vidhāḥ) - those like you, of your kind

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhavat-vidha

bhavat-vidha - like you, of your kind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhavat+vidha)

• bhavat – your honor, you (polite address)
  pronoun (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From `√bhū` (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner, like
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `buddhimantaḥ`.