वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-1

तं समीक्ष्य महासत्त्वं सत्त्ववान् हरिसत्तमः ।
वाक्यमर्थवदव्यग्रस्तमुवाच दशाननम् ॥१॥

1. taṃ samīkṣya mahāsattvaṃ sattvavān harisattamaḥ ,
vākyamarthavadavyagrastamuvāca daśānanam.

1. tam samīkṣya mahā-sattvam sattvavān hari-sattamaḥ
vākyam arthavat avyagrastam uvāca daśānanam

1. sattvavān hari-sattamaḥ tam mahā-sattvam samīkṣya
daśānanam arthavat avyagrastam vākyam uvāca

1. Upon seeing that highly valorous (Rāvaṇa), the courageous and best of monkeys (Hanumān) spoke meaningful and unperturbed words to Daśānana (Rāvaṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that)

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, having looked at)

• महा-सत्त्वम् (mahā-sattvam) - highly valorous (Rāvaṇa) (great being, highly courageous, highly valorous)

• सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - courageous (courageous, spirited, mighty)

• हरि-सत्तमः (hari-sattamaḥ) - best of monkeys (Hanumān) (best of monkeys)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement)

• अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, having purpose)

• अव्यग्रस्तम् (avyagrastam) - unperturbed (unagitated, calm, unperturbed)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• दशाननम् (daśānanam) - Daśānana, Rāvaṇa (the ten-faced one)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (Rāvaṇa) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - upon seeing (having seen, having looked at)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root īkṣ (to see) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

महा-सत्त्वम् (mahā-sattvam) - highly valorous (Rāvaṇa) (great being, highly courageous, highly valorous)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahā-sattva

mahā-sattva - great being, great courage, high spirit, highly valorous

Tatpurusha or Karmadhāraya compound

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+sattva)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• sattva – being, essence, courage, strength, reality
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'tam' (Rāvaṇa)

सत्त्ववान् (sattvavān) - courageous (courageous, spirited, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sattvavat

sattvavat - possessing courage, strong, brave, spirited

Suffix -vat indicating possession

Note: Agrees with 'hari-sattamaḥ'

हरि-सत्तमः (hari-sattamaḥ) - best of monkeys (Hanumān) (best of monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hari-sattama

hari-sattama - best among monkeys

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (hari+sattama)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective
  Superlative suffix -tama

Note: Refers to Hanuman

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, sentence, statement, word

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्थवत् (arthavat) - meaningful (meaningful, significant, having purpose)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arthavat

arthavat - having meaning, significant, purposeful, wealthy

Suffix -vat indicating possession

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'

अव्यग्रस्तम् (avyagrastam) - unperturbed (unagitated, calm, unperturbed)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of avyagrasta

avyagrasta - unagitated, calm, collected, not disturbed

Negative prefix a- + vyagrasta (agitated, disturbed)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyagrasta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vyagrasta – agitated, disturbed, engrossed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root gras (to seize) with prefixes vi and ā
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: gras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

दशाननम् (daśānanam) - Daśānana, Rāvaṇa (the ten-faced one)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśānana

daśānana - the ten-faced (Rāvaṇa)

Bahuvrihi compound: daśa (ten) + ānana (face)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (daśan+ānana)

• daśan – ten
  numeral
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)