वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-49, verse-24

अवध्यतां तपोभिर्यां भवान् समनुपश्यति ।
आत्मनः सासुरैर्देवैर्हेतुस्तत्राप्ययं महान् ॥२४॥

24. avadhyatāṃ tapobhiryāṃ bhavān samanupaśyati ,
ātmanaḥ sāsurairdevairhetustatrāpyayaṃ mahān.

24. avadhyatām tapobhiḥ yām bhavān samanupaśyati
ātmanaḥ sa-asuraiḥ devaiḥ hetuḥ tatra api ayam mahān

24. That invincibility (avadhyatā) which you perceive for yourself, attained through austerities (tapas), even from gods and asuras—a great reason (to challenge it) exists there too.

Words meanings summery:

• अवध्यताम् (avadhyatām) - The state of being unconquerable or immune to death from specific beings. (invincibility, invulnerability, immunity from harm)

• तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - By means of severe penances and spiritual efforts by which a boon was gained. (by austerities, through penances, by spiritual practices)

• याम् (yām) - Referring to 'invincibility' (avadhyatā). (which, whom (feminine accusative))

• भवान् (bhavān) - Referring to the powerful demon king Rāvaṇa. (you (respectful), sir)

• समनुपश्यति (samanupaśyati) - You (Rāvaṇa) see or consider for yourself this claimed invincibility. (perceives, sees, regards)

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - For yourself, for your own being or protection. (of oneself, for oneself, for the soul (ātman))

• स-असुरैः (sa-asuraiḥ) - Including the asuras (demons), implying protection from gods and asuras. (with asuras, accompanied by demons)

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - By the divine beings, referring to a category of beings from whom Rāvaṇa sought protection. (by gods)

• हेतुः (hetuḥ) - A reason or ground for why the perceived invincibility is not absolute or has a loophole. (cause, reason, motive)

• तत्र (tatra) - In that respect, regarding that matter of Rāvaṇa's invincibility. (there, in that place, in that matter)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even within the perceived invincibility, there is a particular reason for its vulnerability. (also, even, too)

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to 'this great reason' (hetuḥ) that is about to be explained. (this (masculine nominative singular))

• महान् (mahān) - A significant or weighty reason that affects Rāvaṇa's fate. (great, large, important)

Words meanings and morphology

अवध्यताम् (avadhyatām) - The state of being unconquerable or immune to death from specific beings. (invincibility, invulnerability, immunity from harm)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avadhyatā

avadhyatā - invincibility, invulnerability

Derived from `avadhyā` (not to be killed) + `tā` (suffix for abstract noun).

Prefix: a

Root: vad (class 1)

तपोभिः (tapobhiḥ) - By means of severe penances and spiritual efforts by which a boon was gained. (by austerities, through penances, by spiritual practices)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

From root `tap` (to heat, to burn, to practice austerity).

Root: tap (class 1)

याम् (yām) - Referring to 'invincibility' (avadhyatā). (which, whom (feminine accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, what

Relative pronoun.

भवान् (bhavān) - Referring to the powerful demon king Rāvaṇa. (you (respectful), sir)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor, sir

Present active participle of `bhū`

Used as an honorific pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

समनुपश्यति (samanupaśyati) - You (Rāvaṇa) see or consider for yourself this claimed invincibility. (perceives, sees, regards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of paśyati

Present indicative

From root `dṛś` (to see), conjugated as `paśyati`.

Prefixes: sam+anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The verb is 3rd person singular, used politely with the 2nd person honorific pronoun 'bhavān'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - For yourself, for your own being or protection. (of oneself, for oneself, for the soul (ātman))

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul (ātman), spirit, essential nature

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Can also be dative/ablative singular; here, genitive 'of oneself' or dative 'for oneself' fits.

स-असुरैः (sa-asuraiḥ) - Including the asuras (demons), implying protection from gods and asuras. (with asuras, accompanied by demons)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sa-asura

sa-asura - with asuras, accompanied by demons

Bahuvrīhi compound, 'sa' (with) + 'asura' (demon).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+asura)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating accompaniment.
• asura – demon, anti-god
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: a
  Root: as (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `devaiḥ`.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - By the divine beings, referring to a category of beings from whom Rāvaṇa sought protection. (by gods)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

From root `div` (to shine).

Root: div (class 4)

हेतुः (hetuḥ) - A reason or ground for why the perceived invincibility is not absolute or has a loophole. (cause, reason, motive)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hetu

hetu - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root `hi` (to send, impel).

Root: hi (class 5)

तत्र (tatra) - In that respect, regarding that matter of Rāvaṇa's invincibility. (there, in that place, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

Formed from `tad` + suffix `tra`.

अपि (api) - Emphasizes that even within the perceived invincibility, there is a particular reason for its vulnerability. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to 'this great reason' (hetuḥ) that is about to be explained. (this (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

महान् (mahān) - A significant or weighty reason that affects Rāvaṇa's fate. (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

Adjective derived from root `mah` (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `hetuḥ`.