वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-14, verse-31

अस्या हि पुष्पावनताग्रशाखाः शोकं दृढं वै जनयत्यशोकाः ।
हिमव्यपायेन च मन्दरश्मिरभ्युत्थितो नैकसहस्ररश्मिः ॥३१॥

31. asyā hi puṣpāvanatāgraśākhāḥ śokaṃ dṛḍhaṃ vai janayatyaśokāḥ ,
himavyapāyena ca mandaraśmirabhyutthito naikasahasraraśmiḥ.

31. asyā hi puṣpāvanatāgraśākhāḥ
śokam dṛḍham vai janayati aśokāḥ
himavyapāyena ca mandaraśmiḥ
abhyutthitaḥ naikasahasraraśmiḥ

31. asyāḥ hi puṣpāvanatāgraśākhāḥ
aśokāḥ dṛḍham śokam vai janayati
ca himavyapāyena naikasahasraraśmiḥ
mandaraśmiḥ abhyutthitaḥ

31. Indeed, the Ashoka trees, with their flower-laden, bent-down branch tips, strongly cause her sorrow. And with the departure of the frost, the sun, which is (normally) known for its many thousands of rays, has risen with gentle rays.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्या (asyā) - for Sītā (for her, of her)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

• पुष्पावनताग्रशाखाः (puṣpāvanatāgraśākhāḥ) - whose branch tips are bent down by flowers

• शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief

• दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strongly, firmly, intensely

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• जनयति (janayati) - causes, produces, generates

• अशोकाः (aśokāḥ) - Ashoka trees

• हिमव्यपायेन (himavyapāyena) - by the departure of frost

• च (ca) - and

• मन्दरश्मिः (mandaraśmiḥ) - whose rays are gentle/faint

• अभ्युत्थितः (abhyutthitaḥ) - risen, ascended

• नैकसहस्ररश्मिः (naikasahasraraśmiḥ) - having many thousands of rays (an epithet for the sun)

Words meanings and morphology

अस्या (asyā) - for Sītā (for her, of her)

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Sītā.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पुष्पावनताग्रशाखाः (puṣpāvanatāgraśākhāḥ) - whose branch tips are bent down by flowers

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puṣpāvanatāgraśākhā

puṣpāvanatāgraśākhā - whose branch tips are bent down by flowers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (puṣpa+avanata+agra+śākhā)

• puṣpa – flower
  noun (neuter)
• avanata – bent down, bowed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root nam (to bend) with upasarga ava
  Prefix: ava
  Root: nam (class 1)
• agra – tip, top, front
  noun (neuter)
• śākhā – branch
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies aśokāḥ.

शोकम् (śokam) - sorrow, grief

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

Note: Object of janayati.

दृढम् (dṛḍham) - strongly, firmly, intensely

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dṛḍha

dṛḍha - firm, strong, intense, fixed

Note: Modifies janayati.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

जनयति (janayati) - causes, produces, generates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jan

causative

from root jan, 10th class causative

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Subject is aśokāḥ.

अशोकाः (aśokāḥ) - Ashoka trees

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśoka

aśoka - Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca), free from sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+śoka)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• śoka – sorrow, grief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of janayati.

हिमव्यपायेन (himavyapāyena) - by the departure of frost

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of himavyapāya

himavyapāya - departure of frost/snow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hima+vyapāya)

• hima – frost, snow, cold
  noun (neuter)
• vyapāya – departure, cessation, passing away
  noun (masculine)
  from root i (to go) with upasargas vi and apa
  Prefixes: vi+apa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates cause/reason.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

मन्दरश्मिः (mandaraśmiḥ) - whose rays are gentle/faint

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mandaraśmi

mandaraśmi - having gentle/faint rays

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (manda+raśmi)

• manda – slow, gentle, faint, dull
  adjective
• raśmi – ray, beam, rope
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the sun (naikasahasraraśmiḥ).

अभ्युत्थितः (abhyutthitaḥ) - risen, ascended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyutthita

abhyutthita - risen, ascended, risen up

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā (to stand) with upasargas abhi and ut

Prefixes: abhi+ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sun.

नैकसहस्ररश्मिः (naikasahasraraśmiḥ) - having many thousands of rays (an epithet for the sun)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naikasahasraraśmi

naikasahasraraśmi - having many thousands of rays, the sun

Compound of naika (many) + sahasra (thousand) + raśmi (ray)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naika+sahasra+raśmi)

• naika – many, not one
  adjective
  compound of na (not) + eka (one)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)
• raśmi – ray, beam
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for the sun.