वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-14, verse-10

खरश्च निहतः संख्ये त्रिशिराश्च निपातितः ।
दूषणश्च महातेजा रामेण विदितात्मना ॥१०॥

10. kharaśca nihataḥ saṃkhye triśirāśca nipātitaḥ ,
dūṣaṇaśca mahātejā rāmeṇa viditātmanā.

10. kharaḥ ca nihataḥ saṃkhye triśirāḥ ca nipātitaḥ
dūṣaṇaḥ ca mahātejāḥ rāmeṇa viditātmanā

10. saṃkhye kharaḥ ca nihataḥ triśirāḥ ca nipātitaḥ
ca mahātejāḥ dūṣaṇaḥ viditātmanā rāmeṇa

10. Khara was slain in battle, and Trishiras was struck down. The mighty Dushana, too, was killed by Rama, who possesses knowledge of the self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• खरः (kharaḥ) - The demon Khara (Khara, a donkey, harsh)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

• त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - The demon Trishiras (Trishiras, three-headed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (struck down, felled, killed)

• दूषणः (dūṣaṇaḥ) - The demon Dushana (Dushana, one who spoils, blames)

• च (ca) - too, also (and, also, moreover)

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - mighty (greatly resplendent, mighty, highly energetic)

• रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

• विदितात्मना (viditātmanā) - by one who possesses knowledge of the self (ātman) (by one whose self is known, by one who knows the self (ātman), by the wise one)

Words meanings and morphology

खरः (kharaḥ) - The demon Khara (Khara, a donkey, harsh)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khara

khara - a demon named Khara, donkey, sharp, harsh

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - slain (slain, killed, destroyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From `ni` (prefix) + root `han` (to strike, kill)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe 'kharaḥ'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in enumeration)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of saṃkhyā

saṁkhyā - battle, enumeration, number

त्रिशिराः (triśirāḥ) - The demon Trishiras (Trishiras, three-headed)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of triśiras

triśiras - Trishiras (name), three-headed

Bahuvrihi compound: tri (three) + śiras (head)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (tri+śiras)

• tri – three
  numeral
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

निपातितः (nipātitaḥ) - struck down (struck down, felled, killed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - struck down, felled, killed

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From `ni` (prefix) + root `pat` (to fall), causative form `pātayati`

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe 'triśirāḥ'.

दूषणः (dūṣaṇaḥ) - The demon Dushana (Dushana, one who spoils, blames)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūṣaṇa

dūṣaṇa - Dushana (name), one who soils, blames, corrupts

Note: This is implicitly also 'killed' by context with the previous verbs.

च (ca) - too, also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - mighty (greatly resplendent, mighty, highly energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly resplendent, mighty, having great energy

Bahuvrihi compound: mahat (great) + tejas (splendor, energy)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+tejas)

• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, energy, might, fiery energy
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'dūṣaṇaḥ'.

रामेण (rāmeṇa) - by Rama

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama, pleasing, beautiful

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agent of the action.

विदितात्मना (viditātmanā) - by one who possesses knowledge of the self (ātman) (by one whose self is known, by one who knows the self (ātman), by the wise one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viditātman

viditātman - one who knows the self, one whose self is known, wise

Bahuvrihi compound: vidita (known, understood) + ātman (self, soul)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vidita+ātman)

• vidita – known, understood, perceived
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `vid` (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'rāmeṇa'.