वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-14, verse-27

दुष्करं कुरुते रामो हीनो यदनया प्रभुः ।
धारयत्यात्मनो देहं न दुःखेनावसीदति ॥२७॥

27. duṣkaraṃ kurute rāmo hīno yadanayā prabhuḥ ,
dhārayatyātmano dehaṃ na duḥkhenāvasīdati.

27. duṣkaram kurute rāmaḥ hīnaḥ yat anayā prabhuḥ
dhārayati ātmanaḥ deham na duḥkhena avasīdati

27. prabhuḥ rāmaḥ duṣkaram kurute yat anayā hīnaḥ
ātmanaḥ deham dhārayati na duḥkhena avasīdati

27. The lord (prabhu) Rama performs a difficult task: although he is deprived of her (Sita), he sustains his own body (ātman) and does not succumb to sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult task (difficult to do, hard to perform, arduous)

• कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he performs, he makes

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

• हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived of, forsaken, left without

• यत् (yat) - although, because (which, because, that (conjunction))

• अनया (anayā) - by Sita (by her, with her)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the capable Rama (lord, master, capable one, powerful)

• धारयति (dhārayati) - he sustains, bears, holds

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own

• देहम् (deham) - body

• न (na) - not, no

• दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - he sinks down, despairs, becomes dejected

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - a difficult task (difficult to do, hard to perform, arduous)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard, arduous

Compound: 'dus' (bad, difficult) + 'kara' (doing, making).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kara – doing, making, causing, doer
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  From root √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Acts as the object of 'kurute'.

कुरुते (kurute) - he does, he performs, he makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √kṛ

Present tense, Ātmanepada

From root √kṛ, 8th conjugation.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a king, son of Dasharatha), pleasing, charming

Note: Subject of 'kurute'.

हीनः (hīnaḥ) - deprived of, forsaken, left without

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hīna

hīna - left, abandoned, deprived of, inferior

Past Passive Participle

From root √hā (to abandon, leave).

Root: √hā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

यत् (yat) - although, because (which, because, that (conjunction))

(indeclinable)

Relative pronoun (neuter nom/acc sing) or conjunction. Here, conjunction.

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

अनया (anayā) - by Sita (by her, with her)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, she, he, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Used with 'hīnaḥ' (deprived by her / from her).

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the capable Rama (lord, master, capable one, powerful)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, mighty, powerful, capable

From prefix 'pra-' and root √bhū (to be, become).

Prefix: pra

Root: √bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

धारयति (dhārayati) - he sustains, bears, holds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √dhṛ

Present tense, Parasmaipada, Causal stem

Causal formation 'dhārayati' from root √dhṛ, 10th conjugation (Dhātu-pāṭha class 10).

Root: √dhṛ (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'rāmaḥ'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of himself, his own

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, living principle, mind, body

n-stem noun.

Note: Possessive, modifying 'deham'.

देहम् (deham) - body

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

Root: √dih (class 4)

Note: Object of 'dhārayati'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

दुःखेन (duḥkhena) - by sorrow, with pain

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, pain, suffering, unhappiness

Compound of 'dus' (bad) + 'kha' (opening/space, or happiness).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kha)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• kha – space, ether, sky, sense-organ aperture, happiness
  noun (neuter)
  Literal meaning 'bad space' or etymologically connected to 'unhappy'.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - he sinks down, despairs, becomes dejected

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √sad

Present tense, Parasmaipada

From root √sad, 1st conjugation, with prefix 'ava-'.

Prefix: ava

Root: √sad (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'rāmaḥ'.