वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-57, verse-5

आवृत्याकाशमार्गेण जवेन स्म गतौ भृशम् ।
मध्यं प्राप्ते च सूर्ये च जटायुरवसीदति ॥५॥

5. āvṛtyākāśamārgeṇa javena sma gatau bhṛśam ,
madhyaṃ prāpte ca sūrye ca jaṭāyuravasīdati.

5. āvṛtya ākāśamārgeṇa javena sma gatau bhṛśam
madhyam prāpte ca sūrye ca jaṭāyuḥ avasīdati

5. āvṛtya ākāśamārgeṇa javena sma gatau bhṛśam
madhyam prāpte ca sūrye ca jaṭāyuḥ avasīdati

5. Having swiftly traversed the path of the sky, we went forth. And when the sun reached its zenith, Jaṭāyu grew weary.

Words meanings summery:

• आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having traversed (having covered, having encompassed, having traversed)

• आकाशमार्गेण (ākāśamārgeṇa) - through the path of the sky (by the path of the sky, through the sky)

• जवेन (javena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past action with 'gatau') ((particle indicating past tense))

• गतौ (gatau) - went forth (gone, moved, reached)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly (exceedingly, greatly, intensely)

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - its zenith (middle of the sky) (middle, center, noon)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having reached (having reached, having attained)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun (in the sun, when the sun)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu (Jaṭāyu (name of a mythological bird))

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - grew weary (sinks down, becomes weary, becomes distressed, perishes)

Words meanings and morphology

आवृत्य (āvṛtya) - having traversed (having covered, having encompassed, having traversed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root vṛ- (to cover) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

आकाशमार्गेण (ākāśamārgeṇa) - through the path of the sky (by the path of the sky, through the sky)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ākāśamārga

ākāśamārga - sky-path, aerial path

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ākāśa+mārga)

• ākāśa – sky, ether, space
  noun (masculine)
• mārga – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mṛj (class 2)

जवेन (javena) - with speed (with speed, swiftly, rapidly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, quickness

Root: jū (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past action with 'gatau') ((particle indicating past tense))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with present participles to indicate past action, or with present verbs for a historical present.

गतौ (gatau) - went forth (gone, moved, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gata

gata - gone, moved, reached, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from root gam- (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the dual subject (he and I) from the previous verse, taking on an active sense for an intransitive verb.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - exceedingly (exceedingly, greatly, intensely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying 'gatau'.

मध्यम् (madhyam) - its zenith (middle of the sky) (middle, center, noon)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, mid-point

Note: Object of 'prāpte'.

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - having reached (having reached, having attained)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

from root āp- (to obtain) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'madhyam prāpte sūrye'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

सूर्ये (sūrye) - when the sun (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - the sun, the sun god

Note: Part of locative absolute construction 'madhyam prāpte sūrye'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Repetitive 'ca' construction for emphasis or separation.

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jaṭāyu (Jaṭāyu (name of a mythological bird))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jaṭāyu (name of a mythological vulture/eagle king)

Note: Subject of 'avasīdati'.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - grew weary (sinks down, becomes weary, becomes distressed, perishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

Present Indicative

Third person singular, present tense, from root sad- (to sit, sink) with prefix ava-. The root 'sad' takes the form 'sīdati' in the present tense.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

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