वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-57, verse-19

पुत्रो विश्रवसः साक्षाद्भ्राता वैश्रवणस्य च ।
अध्यास्ते नगरीं लङ्कां रावणो नाम राकसः ॥१९॥

19. putro viśravasaḥ sākṣādbhrātā vaiśravaṇasya ca ,
adhyāste nagarīṃ laṅkāṃ rāvaṇo nāma rākasaḥ.

19. putraḥ viśravasaḥ sākṣāt bhrātā vaiśravaṇasya ca
adhyāste nagarīm laṅkām rāvaṇaḥ nāma rākṣasaḥ

19. saḥ viśravasaḥ putraḥ,
vaiśravaṇasya ca sākṣāt bhrātā.
rāvaṇaḥ nāma rākṣasaḥ laṅkām nagarīm adhyāste.

19. He is truly the son of Viśravas and the brother of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera). A demon named Rāvaṇa resides in the city of Laṅkā.

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• विश्रवसः (viśravasaḥ) - of Viśravas (proper name) (of Viśravas)

• साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - truly, directly (directly, truly, in person)

• भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

• वैश्रवणस्य (vaiśravaṇasya) - of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अध्यास्ते (adhyāste) - resides in, inhabits (sits on, occupies, inhabits, rules)

• नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (the capital city) (Lanka (name of a city/island))

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Ravana (proper name))

• नाम (nāma) - named (prefixing the name) (name, by name, indeed)

• राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a demon (demon, monstrous being)

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Predicate nominative for Ravana.

विश्रवसः (viśravasaḥ) - of Viśravas (proper name) (of Viśravas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of viśravas

viśravas - Viśravas (father of Ravana and Kubera)

A sage's name.

Note: Possessive of putraḥ.

साक्षात् (sākṣāt) - truly, directly (directly, truly, in person)

(indeclinable)

From sa-akṣa (with eyes).

Note: Adverbial modifier.

भ्राता (bhrātā) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Kinship term.

Note: Predicate nominative for Ravana.

वैश्रवणस्य (vaiśravaṇasya) - of Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaiśravaṇa

vaiśravaṇa - Vaiśravaṇa (another name for Kubera, son of Viśravas)

Patronymic of Viśravas.

Note: Possessive of bhrātā.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Null for gender, number, case, person, tense_mode, lakara, voice for indeclinables.

अध्यास्ते (adhyāste) - resides in, inhabits (sits on, occupies, inhabits, rules)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of adhi-ās

Present Indicative

Root ās (class 2, Atmanepada) with prefix adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: The object (nagarīm laṅkām) is in the accusative case with adhi-ās.

नगरीम् (nagarīm) - city

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nagarī

nagarī - city, town

Feminine noun ending in ī.

Note: Qualifies laṅkām.

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - Laṅkā (the capital city) (Lanka (name of a city/island))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (mythical island city, Ravana's capital)

Proper geographical name.

Note: The specific city mentioned.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (Ravana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the demon king)

From root ru (to roar) + suffix.

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of adhyāste.

नाम (nāma) - named (prefixing the name) (name, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an indeclinable particle to introduce a name.

Note: Used to indicate a name.

राक्षसः (rākṣasaḥ) - a demon (demon, monstrous being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, monstrous being

Derived from rakṣas (a demon).

Note: Identifies Ravana's nature.

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