वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-57, verse-4

पुरा वृत्रवधे वृत्ते स चाहं च जयैषिणौ ।
आदित्यमुपयातौ स्वो ज्वलन्तं रश्मिमालिनम् ॥४॥

4. purā vṛtravadhe vṛtte sa cāhaṃ ca jayaiṣiṇau ,
ādityamupayātau svo jvalantaṃ raśmimālinam.

4. purā vṛtravadhe vṛtte saḥ ca aham ca jayaiṣiṇau
ādityam upayātau svaḥ jvalantam raśmimālinam

4. purā vṛtravadhe vṛtte saḥ ca aham ca jayaiṣiṇau
ādityam upayātau svaḥ jvalantam raśmimālinam

4. Formerly, after the slaying of Vṛtra had occurred, he and I, desiring victory, approached the blazing sun, radiant with his garland of rays.

Words meanings summery:

• पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, previously, in ancient times, eastward)

• वृत्रवधे (vṛtravadhe) - at the slaying of Vṛtra (at the slaying of Vṛtra, in the killing of Vṛtra)

• वृत्ते (vṛtte) - having occurred (having occurred, having happened, become)

• सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sampāti's brother, Jaṭāyu) (he, that)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Sampāti) (I)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• जयैषिणौ (jayaiṣiṇau) - desiring victory (desirous of victory, seeking victory)

• आदित्यम् (ādityam) - to the sun (to the sun, the sun god)

• उपयातौ (upayātau) - approached (having approached, having gone near)

• स्वः (svaḥ) - we two were (indicating past action with participle) (we two are/were)

• ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing (blazing, shining, glowing)

• रश्मिमालिनम् (raśmimālinam) - radiant with his garland of rays (garlanded with rays, having a garland of rays)

Words meanings and morphology

पुरा (purā) - formerly (formerly, previously, in ancient times, eastward)

(indeclinable)

वृत्रवधे (vṛtravadhe) - at the slaying of Vṛtra (at the slaying of Vṛtra, in the killing of Vṛtra)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛtravadha

vṛtravadha - the slaying of Vṛtra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vṛtra+vadha)

• vṛtra – Vṛtra (name of an Asura)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vadha – slaying, killing, striking
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vadh (class 1)

वृत्ते (vṛtte) - having occurred (having occurred, having happened, become)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - occurred, happened, become, existed

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛt- (to be, exist, turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛtravadhe' in a locative absolute construction.

सः (saḥ) - he (referring to Sampāti's brother, Jaṭāyu) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Jaṭāyu in the context of the story.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Sampāti) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

जयैषिणौ (jayaiṣiṇau) - desiring victory (desirous of victory, seeking victory)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jayaiṣin

jayaiṣin - desirous of victory, seeking victory

Agent Noun/Adjective

from jaya (victory) + iṣin (desirous, from root iṣ 'to wish')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jaya+iṣin)

• jaya – victory, conquest, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ji (class 1)
• iṣin – desiring, wishing, seeking
  adjective (masculine)
  from root iṣ 'to wish'
  Root: iṣ (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'aham' (dual subject).

आदित्यम् (ādityam) - to the sun (to the sun, the sun god)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, a son of Aditi, the sun god

Note: Object of 'upayātau'.

उपयातौ (upayātau) - approached (having approached, having gone near)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of upayāta

upayāta - approached, gone near, arrived

Past Passive Participle

from root yā- (to go) with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' and 'aham' (dual subject), taking on an active sense for an intransitive verb.

स्वः (svaḥ) - we two were (indicating past action with participle) (we two are/were)

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Indicative

First person dual, present tense. Often used with a past participle to form a periphrastic past tense.

Root: as (class 2)

ज्वलन्तम् (jvalantam) - blazing (blazing, shining, glowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalat

jvalat - blazing, shining, burning

Present Active Participle

from root jval- (to blaze)

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ādityam'.

रश्मिमालिनम् (raśmimālinam) - radiant with his garland of rays (garlanded with rays, having a garland of rays)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raśmimālin

raśmimālin - adorned with a garland of rays, sun

Possessive adjective from raśmimālā (garland of rays)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (raśmi+mālā)

• raśmi – ray, beam of light, rope
  noun (masculine)
• mālā – garland, wreath, chain
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'ādityam'.

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