वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-57, verse-1

इत्युक्तः करुणं वाक्यं वानरैस्त्यक्तजीवितैः ।
सबाष्पो वानरान् गृध्रः प्रत्युवाच महास्वनः ॥१॥

1. ityuktaḥ karuṇaṃ vākyaṃ vānaraistyaktajīvitaiḥ ,
sabāṣpo vānarān gṛdhraḥ pratyuvāca mahāsvanaḥ.

1. iti uktaḥ karuṇam vākyam vānaraiḥ tyakta-jīvitaiḥ
sa-bāṣpaḥ vānarān gṛdhraḥ prati-uvāca mahā-svanaḥ

1. iti uktaḥ karuṇam vākyam tyakta-jīvitaiḥ vānaraiḥ
sa-bāṣpaḥ mahā-svanaḥ gṛdhraḥ vānarān prati-uvāca

1. Having been thus addressed with pathetic words by the monkeys who had despaired of life, the tearful vulture (Sampāti) replied to them with a loud voice.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

• करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteous, pathetic, sorrowful

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, sentence

• वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

• त्यक्त-जीवितैः (tyakta-jīvitaiḥ) - by those who have abandoned life, by those who have despaired of life

• स-बाष्पः (sa-bāṣpaḥ) - with tears, tearful

• वानरान् (vānarān) - to the monkeys

• गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - the vulture

• प्रति-उवाच (prati-uvāca) - replied, spoke in return

• महा-स्वनः (mahā-svanaḥ) - with a great voice, having a loud sound

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the preceding words spoken by the monkeys.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said, addressed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root `vac` (to speak), conjugated as `ukta`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to the vulture (gṛdhraḥ) as the one addressed.

करुणम् (karuṇam) - piteous, pathetic, sorrowful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karuṇa

karuṇa - pitiful, pathetic, sorrowful, compassion

Note: Modifies `vākyam`.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac

वानरैः (vānaraiḥ) - by the monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

त्यक्त-जीवितैः (tyakta-jīvitaiḥ) - by those who have abandoned life, by those who have despaired of life

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tyakta-jīvita

tyakta-jīvita - one who has abandoned life, despairing of life

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'life' (jīvita) 'abandoned' (tyakta).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+jīvita)

• tyakta – abandoned, relinquished, given up
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `tyaj` with suffix `kta`.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• jīvita – life, existence
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Modifies `vānaraiḥ`.

स-बाष्पः (sa-bāṣpaḥ) - with tears, tearful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sa-bāṣpa

sa-bāṣpa - with tears, tearful, weeping

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'with' (sa) 'tears' (bāṣpa).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bāṣpa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• bāṣpa – tears, weeping
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies `gṛdhraḥ`.

वानरान् (vānarān) - to the monkeys

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - the vulture

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture

Note: Subject of `pratyuvāca` (Sampāti).

प्रति-उवाच (prati-uvāca) - replied, spoke in return

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

perfect active indicative

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, with upasarga `prati`.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Compound verb with prefix.

महा-स्वनः (mahā-svanaḥ) - with a great voice, having a loud sound

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahā-svana

mahā-svana - having a great sound, loud-voiced, loud

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'great' (mahā) 'sound' (svana).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• svana – sound, noise, voice
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Modifies `gṛdhraḥ`.

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