वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-38, verse-23

मैन्दश्च द्विविदश्चोभावश्विपुत्रौ महावलौ ।
कोटिकोटिसहस्रेण वानराणामदृश्यताम् ॥२३॥

23. maindaśca dvividaścobhāvaśviputrau mahāvalau ,
koṭikoṭisahasreṇa vānarāṇāmadṛśyatām.

23. maindaḥ ca dvividaḥ ca ubhau aśviputrau
mahāvalau koṭikoṭisahasreṇa vānarāṇām adṛśyatām

23. ca maindaḥ ca dvividaḥ ubhau aśviputrau
mahāvalau vānarāṇām koṭikoṭisahasreṇa adṛśyatām

23. And Mainda and Dvivida, both sons of the Aśvins and exceedingly powerful, appeared, accompanied by a thousand crores of crores of monkeys.

Words meanings summery:

• मैन्दः (maindaḥ) - Mainda (name of a monkey commander) (Mainda)

• च (ca) - and

• द्विविदः (dvividaḥ) - Dvivida (name of a monkey commander) (Dvivida)

• च (ca) - and

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (Mainda and Dvivida) (both (masculine/neuter dual))

• अश्विपुत्रौ (aśviputrau) - Mainda and Dvivida, as sons of the Aśvins (the two sons of the Aśvins)

• महावलौ (mahāvalau) - Mainda and Dvivida, who were of great strength (the two immensely powerful ones)

• कोटिकोटिसहस्रेण (koṭikoṭisahasreṇa) - by a host of a thousand crores of crores (of monkeys) (by a thousand crores of crores)

• वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of monkey (warriors) (of monkeys, among monkeys)

• अदृश्यताम् (adṛśyatām) - Mainda and Dvivida appeared (they (dual) were seen, they (dual) appeared)

Words meanings and morphology

मैन्दः (maindaḥ) - Mainda (name of a monkey commander) (Mainda)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mainda

mainda - Mainda (proper noun)

Note: Part of the dual subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

द्विविदः (dvividaḥ) - Dvivida (name of a monkey commander) (Dvivida)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvivida

dvivida - Dvivida (proper noun); having two kinds

Note: Part of the dual subject.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (Mainda and Dvivida) (both (masculine/neuter dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Always occurs in dual number.

Note: Reinforces the duality of Mainda and Dvivida.

अश्विपुत्रौ (aśviputrau) - Mainda and Dvivida, as sons of the Aśvins (the two sons of the Aśvins)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aśviputra

aśviputra - son of the Aśvins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśvin+putra)

• aśvin – the Aśvins (divine twins)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Dual form 'aśvinau' is common for the twins.
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'maindaḥ' and 'dvividaḥ'.

महावलौ (mahāvalau) - Mainda and Dvivida, who were of great strength (the two immensely powerful ones)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mahāvala

mahāvala - of great strength, very powerful, mighty

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'maindaḥ' and 'dvividaḥ'.

कोटिकोटिसहस्रेण (koṭikoṭisahasreṇa) - by a host of a thousand crores of crores (of monkeys) (by a thousand crores of crores)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of koṭikoṭisahasra

koṭikoṭisahasra - a thousand crores of crores (an extremely large number)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (koṭi+koṭi+sahasra)

• koṭi – crore (ten million), immense quantity
  noun (feminine)
• koṭi – crore (ten million), immense quantity
  noun (feminine)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

Note: Agent of implied 'vṛtau' or part of the 'adṛśyatām' construction indicating accompaniment.

वानराणाम् (vānarāṇām) - of monkey (warriors) (of monkeys, among monkeys)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape (specifically, a forest dweller)

From vana (forest).

Note: Specifies the type of beings quantified by 'koṭikoṭisahasreṇa'.

अदृश्यताम् (adṛśyatām) - Mainda and Dvivida appeared (they (dual) were seen, they (dual) appeared)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, passive, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect passive indicative 3rd dual

From root dṛś in passive voice. a-dṛśya-tām.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence, agreeing with the dual subject.