वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-37, verse-28

ऋक्षाश्चावहिताः शूरा गोलाङ्गूलाश्च राघव ।
कान्तार वनदुर्गाणामभिज्ञा घोरदर्शनाः ॥२८॥

28. ṛkṣāścāvahitāḥ śūrā golāṅgūlāśca rāghava ,
kāntāra vanadurgāṇāmabhijñā ghoradarśanāḥ.

28. ṛkṣāḥ ca avahitāḥ śūrāḥ golāṅgūlāḥ ca rāghava
kāntāravanadurgāṇām abhijñāḥ ghoradarśanāḥ

28. rāghava avahitāḥ śūrāḥ ṛkṣāḥ ca golāṅgūlāḥ ca
kāntāravanadurgāṇām abhijñāḥ ghoradarśanāḥ

28. O Raghava, there are bears, attentive and brave, and langurs, who are familiar with dense forests and difficult terrain, and possess a formidable appearance.

Words meanings summery:

• ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears

• च (ca) - and, also

• अवहिताः (avahitāḥ) - attentive, careful, prepared, concentrated

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave, valiant, heroes

• गोलाङ्गूलाः (golāṅgūlāḥ) - langurs, gorillas (a type of monkey/ape with a cow-like tail)

• च (ca) - and, also

• राघव (rāghava) - O descendant of Raghu, O Rama

• कान्तारवनदुर्गाणाम् (kāntāravanadurgāṇām) - of dense forests and inaccessible places/forts

• अभिज्ञाः (abhijñāḥ) - knowing, acquainted with, skilled in

• घोरदर्शनाः (ghoradarśanāḥ) - of terrible appearance, formidable to behold

Words meanings and morphology

ऋक्षाः (ṛkṣāḥ) - bears

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛkṣa

ṛkṣa - bear (animal)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अवहिताः (avahitāḥ) - attentive, careful, prepared, concentrated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avahita

avahita - attentive, careful, concentrated, placed down

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root dhā with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - brave, valiant, heroes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - brave, heroic, warrior

गोलाङ्गूलाः (golāṅgūlāḥ) - langurs, gorillas (a type of monkey/ape with a cow-like tail)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of golāṅgūla

golāṅgūla - a kind of large monkey, langur (lit. 'cow-tailed')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (go+lāṅgūla)

• go – cow, ox, earth, ray of light
  noun (feminine)
• lāṅgūla – tail
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राघव (rāghava) - O descendant of Raghu, O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu (epithet of Rama)

Derived from Raghu with suffix -a

कान्तारवनदुर्गाणाम् (kāntāravanadurgāṇām) - of dense forests and inaccessible places/forts

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of kāntāravanadurga

kāntāravanadurga - impenetrable forests and strongholds, wilderness and difficult forest regions

Compound type : dvandva (kāntāra+vanadurga)

• kāntāra – dense forest, wilderness, pathless region
  noun (neuter)
• vanadurga – forest stronghold, difficult forest
  noun (neuter)

अभिज्ञाः (abhijñāḥ) - knowing, acquainted with, skilled in

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhijña

abhijña - knowing, acquainted with, expert, skilled

Derived from root jñā with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

घोरदर्शनाः (ghoradarśanāḥ) - of terrible appearance, formidable to behold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghoradarśana

ghoradarśana - of terrible appearance, dreadful to see

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ghora+darśana)

• ghora – dreadful, terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• darśana – sight, appearance, seeing
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dṛś (class 1)