वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-37, verse-21

हित्वा धर्मं तथार्थं च कामं यस्तु निषेवते ।
स वृक्षाग्रे यथा सुप्तः पतितः प्रतिबुध्यते ॥२१॥

21. hitvā dharmaṃ tathārthaṃ ca kāmaṃ yastu niṣevate ,
sa vṛkṣāgre yathā suptaḥ patitaḥ pratibudhyate.

21. hitvā dharmam tathā artham ca kāmam yaḥ tu niṣevate
saḥ vṛkṣa agre yathā suptaḥ patitaḥ pratibudhyate

21. yaḥ tu dharmam tathā artham ca hitvā kāmam niṣevate,
saḥ yathā vṛkṣa agre suptaḥ patitaḥ pratibudhyate

21. But he who, abandoning both natural law (dharma) and prosperity, merely pursues pleasure (kāma), awakens to find himself fallen, just like someone who falls while sleeping on the top of a tree.

Words meanings summery:

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness, natural law

• तथा (tathā) - and, similarly, thus

• अर्थम् (artham) - prosperity, purpose, wealth

• च (ca) - and, also

• कामम् (kāmam) - pleasure, desire, sensual enjoyment

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

• निषेवते (niṣevate) - cultivates, practices, serves

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) - tree

• अग्रे (agre) - on the top, at the front

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - asleep, sleeping

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended

• प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - wakes up, realizes

Words meanings and morphology

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Root: hā (class 3)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - righteousness, natural law

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty

तथा (tathā) - and, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

अर्थम् (artham) - prosperity, purpose, wealth

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, prosperity, object

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कामम् (kāmam) - pleasure, desire, sensual enjoyment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, pleasure, love

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

तु (tu) - indeed, but, however

(indeclinable)

निषेवते (niṣevate) - cultivates, practices, serves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Present (Laṭ) of niṣev

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वृक्ष (vṛkṣa) - tree

(noun)

masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree

Note: Forms part of the compound `vṛkṣāgre`.

अग्रे (agre) - on the top, at the front

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of agra

agra - front, top, tip, beginning

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

सुप्तः (suptaḥ) - asleep, sleeping

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, slept

Past Passive Participle

Root: svap (class 2)

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, descended

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Root: pat (class 1)

प्रतिबुध्यते (pratibudhyate) - wakes up, realizes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Present (Laṭ) of pratibudh

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 4)