वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-40, verse-22

पुनर्गत्वा निवृत्तश्च विचचार मृगोत्तमः ।
गत्वा मुहूर्तं त्वरया पुनः प्रतिनिवर्तते ॥२२॥

22. punargatvā nivṛttaśca vicacāra mṛgottamaḥ ,
gatvā muhūrtaṃ tvarayā punaḥ pratinivartate.

22. punar gatvā nivṛttaḥ ca vicacāra mṛgottamaḥ
gatvā muhūrtaṃ tvarayā punaḥ pratinivartate

22. mṛgottamaḥ punar gatvā nivṛttaḥ ca vicacāra
muhūrtaṃ tvarayā gatvā punaḥ pratinivartate

22. The excellent deer, after going away and then returning, wandered about. Having quickly gone for just a moment, it would return again.

Words meanings summery:

• पुनर् (punar) - again, indicating repetition (again, back, furthermore)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - after going away (having gone)

• निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - having returned (returned, turned back, ceased)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• विचचार (vicacāra) - wandered about (wandered, moved about)

• मृगोत्तमः (mṛgottamaḥ) - the excellent deer (best of deer)

• गत्वा (gatvā) - after going (having gone)

• मुहूर्तं (muhūrtaṁ) - for a brief moment (a moment, instant; a period of time)

• त्वरया (tvarayā) - with haste, quickly (quickly, in haste, with speed)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, furthermore)

• प्रतिनिवर्तते (pratinivartate) - it would return (returns, turns back)

Words meanings and morphology

पुनर् (punar) - again, indicating repetition (again, back, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

गत्वा (gatvā) - after going away (having gone)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root 'gam' with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: An indeclinable past participle used to express an action completed before the main verb.

निवृत्तः (nivṛttaḥ) - having returned (returned, turned back, ceased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - returned, turned back, stopped, ceased, retired

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefix 'ni' and kṛt suffix 'kta'

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the deer which is the subject.

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

विचचार (vicacāra) - wandered about (wandered, moved about)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vi-car

Perfect (liṭ)

Derived from root 'car' with prefix 'vi'. Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: vi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used here to denote a habitual or completed action in the past, leading to a state.

मृगोत्तमः (mṛgottamaḥ) - the excellent deer (best of deer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛgottama

mṛgottama - best of deer, excellent deer, a type of deer

Compound of 'mṛga' and 'uttama'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+uttama)

• mṛga – deer, antelope, wild animal
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, highest, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'ut' or 'ud'

Note: Refers to the golden deer, Marica in disguise.

गत्वा (gatvā) - after going (having gone)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Derived from root 'gam' with suffix -tvā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: An indeclinable past participle used to express an action completed before the main verb.

मुहूर्तं (muhūrtaṁ) - for a brief moment (a moment, instant; a period of time)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, an instant; a specific division of time (about 48 minutes); an auspicious moment

Note: Used adverbially to indicate duration.

त्वरया (tvarayā) - with haste, quickly (quickly, in haste, with speed)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tvarā

tvarā - haste, speed, quickness

Derived from root 'tvar' (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिनिवर्तते (pratinivartate) - it would return (returns, turns back)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prati-ni-vṛt

Present Tense, Middle Voice (ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'vṛt' with prefixes 'prati' and 'ni'. 3rd person singular.

Prefixes: prati+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates habitual action.