वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-40, verse-1

एवमुक्त्वा तु परुषं मारीचो रावणं ततः ।
गच्छावेत्यब्रवीद्दीनो भयाद् रात्रिंचरप्रभोः ॥१॥

1. evamuktvā tu paruṣaṃ mārīco rāvaṇaṃ tataḥ ,
gacchāvetyabravīddīno bhayād rātriṃcaraprabhoḥ.

1. evam uktvā tu paruṣam mārīcaḥ rāvaṇam tataḥ |
gacchāva iti abravīt dīnaḥ bhayāt rātricaraprabhoḥ

1. mārīcaḥ evam paruṣam uktvā,
tataḥ rātricaraprabhoḥ bhayāt dīnaḥ rāvaṇam gacchāva iti abravīt

1. Having thus spoken harshly to Ravana, Maricha, distressed by his fear of the lord of the night-wanderers (rakṣasas), then said, "Let us go."

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly (adverbial usage modifying 'spoken') (harsh, rough, cruel)

• मारीचः (mārīcaḥ) - Maricha

• रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - to Ravana

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• गच्छाव (gacchāva) - let us two go, we two should go

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks direct speech)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

• भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

• रात्रिचरप्रभोः (rātricaraprabhoḥ) - of the lord of night-wanderers, of the chief of demons

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix 'ktvā'.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harshly (adverbial usage modifying 'spoken') (harsh, rough, cruel)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'harshly'.

मारीचः (mārīcaḥ) - Maricha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārīca

mārīca - Maricha (name of a Rakshasa, son of Tataka)

रावणम् (rāvaṇam) - to Ravana

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Lanka, chief antagonist in Ramayana)

Root: ru (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

गच्छाव (gacchāva) - let us two go, we two should go

(verb)

1st person , dual, active, imperative (loṭ) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way (marks direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates direct quotation.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

With augment 'a'.

Root: brū (class 2)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, distressed, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - distressed, sad, miserable, poor, humble

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dī' (to languish, perish).

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'Maricha'.

भयात् (bhayāt) - from fear, out of fear

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Root: bhī (class 3)

रात्रिचरप्रभोः (rātricaraprabhoḥ) - of the lord of night-wanderers, of the chief of demons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rātricaraprabhu

rātricaraprabhu - lord of night-wanderers, chief of demons

Compound of 'rātricara' (night-wanderer/demon) and 'prabhu' (lord).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (rātricara+prabhu)

• rātricara – night-wanderer, demon
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'rātri' (night) and 'cara' (wanderer).
  Root: car (class 1)
• prabhu – lord, master, sovereign
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with upasarga 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)