वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-55

अयमात्मभवः शोको मामनाथमचेतनम् ।
संसादयति वेगेन यथा कूलं नदीरयः ॥५५॥

55. ayamātmabhavaḥ śoko māmanāthamacetanam ,
saṃsādayati vegena yathā kūlaṃ nadīrayaḥ.

55. ayam ātma-bhavaḥ śokaḥ mām anātham acetanam
saṃsādayati vegena yathā kūlam nadī-rayaḥ

55. ayam ātma-bhavaḥ śokaḥ anātham acetanam mām
vegena saṃsādayati yathā nadī-rayaḥ kūlam

55. This sorrow, born from my own self (ātman), quickly overwhelms me, leaving me helpless and senseless, just as the current of a river erodes its bank.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this, here

• आत्म-भवः (ātma-bhavaḥ) - self-born, born from oneself

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, anguish

• माम् (mām) - me

• अनाथम् (anātham) - helpless, without a protector, unprotected

• अचेतनम् (acetanam) - making me senseless/unconscious (unconscious, senseless, inanimate)

• संसादयति (saṁsādayati) - destroys, overwhelms, afflicts, brings to an end

• वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly, with speed, forcibly

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• कूलम् (kūlam) - bank (of a river), shore, edge

• नदी-रयः (nadī-rayaḥ) - river current, stream flow

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this, here

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, here, now

आत्म-भवः (ātma-bhavaḥ) - self-born, born from oneself

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātma-bhava

ātma-bhava - self-born, intrinsic, innate

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+bhava)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
• bhava – being, existence, birth, origin
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, exist)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with śokaḥ

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, anguish

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego

अनाथम् (anātham) - helpless, without a protector, unprotected

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anātha

anātha - helpless, unprotected, destitute

Negative prefix 'an-' + 'nātha'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+nātha)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• nātha – protector, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with mām

अचेतनम् (acetanam) - making me senseless/unconscious (unconscious, senseless, inanimate)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, senseless, inanimate, unintelligent

Negative prefix 'a-' + 'cetana'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+cetana)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• cetana – conscious, sentient, intelligence
  noun (masculine)
  From root cit (to perceive, observe)
  Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mām

संसादयति (saṁsādayati) - destroys, overwhelms, afflicts, brings to an end

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃsād

causative present active

Causative of root sad with saṃ

Prefix: sam

Root: sad (class 1)

वेगेन (vegena) - swiftly, with speed, forcibly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetuosity

From root vij (to move rapidly)

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Functions as an adverb

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

कूलम् (kūlam) - bank (of a river), shore, edge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kūla

kūla - bank, shore, slope

Note: Object of implied verb 'destroys' in the simile

नदी-रयः (nadī-rayaḥ) - river current, stream flow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nadī-raya

nadī-raya - river current, torrent

Compound type : tatpurusha (nadī+raya)

• nadī – river
  noun (feminine)
• raya – stream, current, flow, speed
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'destroys' in the simile

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