वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-58, verse-4

तन्निमित्ताभिरासीनौ कथाभिरपरिक्रमौ ।
तामाशां मत्कृते हीनाव् उदासीनावनाथवत् ॥४॥

4. tannimittābhirāsīnau kathābhiraparikramau ,
tāmāśāṃ matkṛte hīnāv udāsīnāvanāthavat.

4. tat-nimittābhiḥ āsīnau kathābhiḥ aparikramau
tām āśām matkṛte hīnau udāsīnau anāthavat

4. āsīnau aparikramau anāthavat tām āśām matkṛte
hīnau udāsīnau tat-nimittābhiḥ kathābhiḥ

4. They were sitting there, speaking stories concerning him, unable to move, deprived of that hope on my account, dejected, like helpless orphans.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्-निमित्ताभिः (tat-nimittābhiḥ) - speaking stories concerning him (their son) (caused by him, concerning him)

• आसीनौ (āsīnau) - sitting, seated

• कथाभिः (kathābhiḥ) - with stories, narratives

• अपरिक्रमौ (aparikramau) - unable to move, without activity

• ताम् (tām) - that

• आशाम् (āśām) - hope, desire

• मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

• हीनौ (hīnau) - deprived, bereft, abandoned

• उदासीनौ (udāsīnau) - dejected, indifferent, sad

• अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like orphans, like helpless ones

Words meanings and morphology

तत्-निमित्ताभिः (tat-nimittābhiḥ) - speaking stories concerning him (their son) (caused by him, concerning him)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of tat-nimitta

tat-nimitta - caused by that, for that reason

Compound: 'tad' (that) + 'nimitta' (cause, reason)

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+nimitta)

• tad – that, he, she, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• nimitta – cause, reason, sign, token
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'kathābhiḥ'

आसीनौ (āsīnau) - sitting, seated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of āsīna

āsīna - sitting, seated, staying

Past Active Participle

From root 'ās' (to sit)

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (parents)

कथाभिः (kathābhiḥ) - with stories, narratives

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative, speech

अपरिक्रमौ (aparikramau) - unable to move, without activity

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of aparikrama

aparikrama - without movement, inactive, helpless

Compound: 'a' (neg.) + 'parikrama' (movement, activity)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parikrama)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• parikrama – going round, movement, activity
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kram' (to step) with prefix 'pari'
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (parents)

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'āśām'

आशाम् (āśām) - hope, desire

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, expectation, desire, direction

From root 'aś' (to reach, obtain)

Root: aś (class 5)

मत्कृते (matkṛte) - for my sake, on my account

(indeclinable)

Compound: 'mat' (my) + 'kṛte' (for the sake of)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mat+kṛte)

• mat – my, of me (stem of aham)
  pronoun
  Genitive stem of 'aham'
• kṛte – for the sake of, on account of
  indeclinable (neuter)
  Locative singular of 'kṛta' (past participle of 'kṛ' to do), used as an indeclinable
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

हीनौ (hīnau) - deprived, bereft, abandoned

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of hīna

hīna - deprived of, wanting, inferior, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

From root 'hā' (to abandon, lose)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (parents)

उदासीनौ (udāsīnau) - dejected, indifferent, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of udāsīna

udāsīna - sitting apart, indifferent, dejected, sad

Past Active Participle

From root 'ās' (to sit) with 'ud-ā' prefixes

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Modifies the implied subjects (parents)

अनाथवत् (anāthavat) - like orphans, like helpless ones

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'anātha' (helpless, orphan) with suffix '-vat' (like, as)